摘要
目的 了解北京市中小学教师职业紧张现状,探讨其影响因素,为缓解中小学教师职业紧张、保护和促进其身心健康提供依据.方法 使用多阶段、PPS抽样法和分层整群随机抽样的方式,选取北京市8个辖区29所学校的中小学教师作为研究对象.结果 本次共调查北京市中小学教师2 143人,职业紧张者占16.66％,其中轻度职业紧张者10.27％(220/2 143)、中度职业紧张者3.87％(83/2 143)、重度职业紧张者2.52％(54/2 143).职业紧张得分为(41.74±8.30)分,其中不同维度得分为社会支持均分(20.14±3.73)分,组织与回报均分(11.81±3.87)分,要求与付出均分(13.45±3.56)分,自主性均分(5.38±1.73)分.多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,不同月均收入和周工作时间的中小学教师职业紧张检出率差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).与税后月均收入≥ 11 000元相比,税后月均收入＜9 000元(OR=1.588,95％CI:1.144～2.205)、税后月均收入 9 000～＜11 000(OR=1.562,95％CI:1.138～2.144)是中小学教师检出职业紧张的危险因素(P均＜0.05);与周工作时间≤40 h比较,周工作时间49～＜55 h(OR=2.552,95％CI:1.671～3.898)、周工作时间≥55 h(OR=3.502,95％CI:2.341～5.241)是中小学教师检出职业紧张的危险因素(P均＜0.05).结论 北京市中小学教师存在不同程度的职业紧张问题且主要是轻度职业紧张,月均收入水平、周工作时间超过48h是北京市中小学教师职业紧张的主要危险因素.
Abstract
Objective To understand the current situation of occupational stress and its influencing factors among primary and secondary school teachers in Beijing,and to provide data support for relieving occupational stress and promoting teachers'physical and mental health.Methods By using multi-stage,PPS sampling and stratified cluster random sampling,a total of 29 primary and secondary school from 8 districts in Beijing were selected as the research subjects.Results A total of 2 143 teachers were surveyed,and 16.66％of them had occupational stress.10.27％of them(220/2 143)had mild occupational stress,3.87％(83/2 143)had moderate occupational stress,and 2.52％(54/2 143)had severe/occupational stress.The score of occupational stress is(41.74±8.30),and the scores of social support,organization and reward,demand and effort,and control were(20.14±3.73),(11.81±3.87),(13.45±3.56),(5.38±1.73),respectively.The result of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the detection rate of occupational stress among primary and secondary school teachers with different monthly income and weekly working hours(P＜0.05).Compared with an average monthly income of≥11 000 yuan,less than 9 000 yuan,9 000-＜11 000 yuan per month were the risk factors for occupational stress(OR=1.588,95％CI:1.144-2.205;OR=1.562,95％CI:1.138-2.144)(P＜0.05).Compared with weekly working hours ≤40 hours,weekly working hours 49-＜55 h and working hours≥55 h were the risk factors for occupational stress(OR=2.552,95％CI:1.671-3.898;OR=3.502,95％CI:2.341-5.241)(P＜0.05).Conclusions Primary and secondary school teachers in Beijing have various degrees of occupational stress,mainly mild occupational stress.Average monthly income level,working＞48 h per week is the main risk factor for occupational stress among primary and secondary school teachers.
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