摘要
目的 分析山西省百日咳的流行病学特征,探索不同年龄人群百日咳免疫策略.方法 收集2014-2022年山西省百日咳发病数及发病率资料,采用描述性流行病学方法分析百日咳流行特征.结果 2014-2022年山西省累计报告百日咳病例3 878例,年均报告发病率为1.18/10万,报告发病率从2014年的0.17/10万上升至2019年的1.26/10万,2020年下降至0.40/10万,2021和2022年大幅上升,分别为1.28/10万和6.19/10万.0～＜5岁、5～＜10岁、10～＜15 岁和≥ 15 岁分别占 63.82％(2 475 例)、32.08％(1 244 例)、3.12％(121 例)和 0.98％(38 例),0～＜1 岁、1～＜2 岁、2～＜3 岁、3～＜4 岁和 4～＜5 岁分别占 36.18％(1 403 例)、8.05％(312 例)、4.82％(187 例)、7.84％(304 例)和6.94％(269例),在0～＜1岁病例中,0～＜3月龄、3～＜6月龄和6～＜12月龄分别占20.24％(284例)、43.83％(615例)和35.92％(504例).实验室诊断病例为1 646例(占42.44％).结论 2014-2022年山西省百日咳报告发病率处于低水平,但总体呈上升趋势,8月为发病高峰,人群以小年龄儿童尤其是婴儿为主.建议继续加强百日咳监测,做好百日咳疫苗的常规免疫接种,做好医务人员培训,提高病例报告意识,优化不同年龄人群百日咳免疫策略.
Abstract
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pertussis in Shanxi province and explore the different immunization strategies for pertussis in different aged group.Methods The data of pertussis cases and incidence in Shanxi province from 2014 to 2022 were collected,and the epidemiological characteristics of pertussis were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method.Results There were 3 878 pertussis cases reported in Shanxi province between 2014 and 2022,for an average annual incidence of 1.18 cases per 100 000 population.The reported incidence increased from 0.17 per 100 000 in 2014 to 1.26 per 100 000 in 2019,decreased to 0.40 per 100 000 in 2020,and significantly increased in 2021 and 2022,respectively,to 1.28 per 100 000 and 6.19 per 100 000.During the period from 2014 to 2022,the proportion and the number of cases in the groups aged 0-＜5,5-＜10,10-＜15 and ≥ 15 years were 63.82％(2 475 cases),32.08％(1 244 cases),3.12％(121 cases)and 0.98％(38 cases),respectively;the proportion and the number of cases in the groups aged 0,1,2,3 and 4 years were 36.18％(1 403 cases),8.05％(312 cases),4.82％(187 cases),7.84％(304 cases)and 6.94％(269 cases),respectively;among the 0-year-od group,the proportion and the number of cases in the groups aged 0-＜3,3-＜6 and 6-＜12 months were 20.24％(284 cases),43.83％(615cases)and 35.92％(504 cases),respectively.A total of 1 646 cases(42.44％)were laboratory diagnosed cases.Conclusions The reported incidence of pertussis in Shanxi province from 2014 to 2022 was at a low level,but the overall trend was upward.The cases are mainly in young children,especially infants.It is suggested that the comprehensive measures should be strengthened,such as pertussis surveillance,routine immunization,medical staff training,case reporting awareness,and optimizing immunization strategies for different age group.
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