A review on fungal mycelial pellets and its application in wastewater treatment as biological carriers
Fungi can form mycelial pellets with hollow inside and dense surface under submerged cultivation.These mycelial pellets have advantages of good flocculation performance,uneasily settling at the reaction tank bottom,broad growth conditions,and easy cultivation.Researchers have widely studied on the formation mechanism and cultivation conditions of mycelial pellets.Recently,the focus of researchers has gradually shifted to their application.At present,mycelial pellets have been applied in the fields of wastewater treatment and recovery of resource and energy.This review mainly introduces the self-assembly mechanism and the influencing factors of nutrient and culture conditions on the formation fungal mycelial pellets under submerged cultivation.Also,the study of fungal mycelial pellets carrying nanoparticles,microorganisms,biochar to treat wastewater and the potential and challenges for these types of complexes were summarized.Furthermore,the cases of fungal mycelial pellets treating various kinds of sewage and the running characteristics and application of the matching reactors were introduced.The application of fungal mycelial pellets should focus on the diversified and collaborative development,coupling their own advantages with heterologous substances to play a synergistic role and to promote the improvement in wastewater treatment and environmental remediation.This review can provide guidance and reference for the application of fungal mycelial pellets in wastewater treatment.
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