2022年4月10-14日浙江沿海海面出现一次持续时间长、范围广、浓度大的海雾过程.利用卫星资料、欧洲 中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF)发布的ERA-Interim(ECMWF Reanalysis-Interim)资料和浙江沿海自动气象观测站资料,分析此次过程的特征和成因.结果表明,低层逆温层使得低层水汽不易扩散到高空,有利于大雾的生成和维持.成雾阶段,有明显的水汽辐合,同时气温高于海面温度且差值为0～2.0 ℃.海雾维持且浓度较大时,水汽辐合逐渐减弱;气海温差(2 m气温减海面温度)则在0℃左右.消散阶段,有明显的水汽辐散;气海温差大于2.0 ℃或小于0 ℃.
Characteristics and causes of a persistent sea fog process over Zhejiang in spring 2022
From 10 to 14 April 2022,a long-duration,wide-range and high-concentration sea fog event occurred in the coastal waters of Zhejiang.The characteristics and causes are analyzed by using satellite data,ECMWF(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts)Reanalysis-Interim(ERA-Interim)data and data of coastal automatic meteorological observing stations in Zhejiang.The results show that the inversion layer makes it difficult for the low-level water vapor to spread to the upper air,which is conducive to the generation and maintenance of fog.In the fog formation stage,there is obvious water vapor convergence,and at the same time,the air temperature is higher than SST(sea surface temperature)and the difference is between 0 and 2.0 ℃.When the sea fog maintains and the concentration is high,the water vapor convergence gradually weakens,and the air-sea temperature difference(Δt=ta-ts)is around 0℃.In the dissipation stage,there is obvious water vapor divergence;the air-sea temperature difference is greater than 2.0 ℃ or less than 0 ℃.
sea foginversion layertransfer of water vaporair-sea temperature difference
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