理想自我之镜:论五四"童心"话语的生成与流变
Mirror of Ideal Self:On the Generation and Evolution of"Childlike Innocence"Discourse During the May Fourth Movement
魏一然1
作者信息
摘要
"童心"作为生成性的历史话语,在"五四"前后的内涵变化有着复杂的原因.清末民初,在世界性"儿童热"之中,儿童被"发现",在进化论逻辑下具有发展的优先性、决定性.知识分子通过报刊、新式教育等多种途径改造儿童,将儿童视为启蒙的对象和开端,借想象中的"新儿童"书写完美的理想国民形象,承载历史的焦虑.至五四时期,新文化运动借助"童心"崇拜表达"人"的理想,在文学主张和实践中突出了童心的原始生命力与纯美的理想色彩,更折射出"儿童本位"背后成人叙述者对有"赤子之心"的现代自我的有意建构.而"五四"落潮的语境中,"童心"发生了裂变.一是通过叙述个体成长过程中"失掉的童心","童心"的落脚点由向外批判社会转向内部的自我哀叹;二是在横向与"儿童"的比较中,"成人的哀伤"浮现出来,表现了自我怀疑的颓丧状态.在社会政治权力变动下,对"新儿童"的想象和建构性的"童心"崇拜陆续失效,但如何在现实秩序中完成自我主体性建构的问题在"童心"裂变后留下了面对现实、自我反思的种子.
Abstract
"Childlike innocence",as a generative historical discourse,has multifaceted causes for the trans-formation of its connotations.In the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China,amidst a global"child craze",children were"discovered"and were the prior and decisive factor in development under evolutionary logic.Intellec-tuals,through various channels including periodicals and new education,sought to reshape children,viewing them as both the target and beginning of enlightenment and employed the imagined"new children"to pen an idealized image of a perfect citizen,bearing historical anxieties.By the May Fourth era,the New Culture Movement lever-aged the adoration of"childlike innocence"to articulate the ideal of"humanity",emphasizing in literary advocacy and practice the primal vitality and pure,beautiful idealism of childlike innocence.It further reflected the intention-al construction of a modern self with an"innocent heart of children"by adult narrators behind a child-centered fa-cade.As the May Fourth tide receded,"childlike innocence"underwent fission.On one side,by narrating the"lost childlike innocence"in individual growth,the intellectuals emphasized more about introspective lament rather than outer societal critique;on the other side,during the comparison with"children","adult sorrow"emerged,manifesting a state of self-doubt and despondency.Under the shift of social and political powers,the imagination of"new children"and the constructive worship of"childlike innocence"gradually failed,yet the question of how to achieve self-subjectivity in reality left seeds for facing reality and self-reflection after the fission of"childlike inno-cence".
关键词
"五四"/童心/话语/主体性Key words
the May Fourth/childlike innocence/discourse/subjectivity引用本文复制引用
出版年
2025
NETL
NSTL
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