摘要
叶燮在《原诗》中针对创作主客体分别提出"才、胆、识、力"说与"理、事、情"说,是对前人妙理的再铸与凝结.在这些理论之上,叶燮还运用了一个综合性、统摄性的概念,那就是"气".统筹"理""事""情"三者的在物之"气",既标示生命力与造物力,也彰显着叶燮相续相禅、因时递变的诗史观;而在我之"气"是"才、胆、识、力"的综合,"气足"是四者兼备且臻于高境的结果;在李杜评骘问题上,叶燮基于不同的视角和场域对李杜二人进行论衡,认为历代诗人推崇杜甫是因为其有"胸襟",而千百年来李白与杜甫齐名的关键在于李白以"气"得之,虽未见轩轾,但为诗坛上关乎李杜优劣的话题提供了一种客观中肯、理性辨证的思考理路.
Abstract
Ye Xie concluded previous theories in the Origins of Poetry that the subjective elements of literary creation are composed of four elements:Cai,Dan,Shi,and Li(才,胆,识,力 i.e.,talent,courage,insight,and strength),and the objective elements are composed of Li,Shi,and Qing(理,事,情i.e.,laws,things,and phenomena).On top of these theories,Ye Xie also used Qi(气),an inductive concept.Qi,representing the ob-jective category,constitutes a synthesis of Li,Shi,and Qing.Such a concept not only signifies vitality and material resources but also embodies his ever-evolving perspective of epic poetry.When expressing subjective category,Qi is the synthesis of Cai,Dan,Shi,and Li.The full and sufficient state of Qi is the result of the high level of Cai,Dan,Shi,and Li.Ye Xie evaluated Li Bai and Du Fu from different perspectives and in different fields.He be-lieved that poets throughout history praised Du Fu for his Xiong Jin(胸襟inclusiveness,integrity,and knowledge-ability),while Qi is the reason why Li Bai has been on a par with Du Fu for centuries.Although Ye Xie's compari-son between Li Bai and Du Fu did not have a result,he provided an objective and rational thinking way to the relat-ed topic.
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