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燕山土石山区降雨和下垫面条件对坡面侵蚀产沙的影响

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为了揭示燕山土石山区水土流失规律,基于坡面径流小区定位观测资料,对坡面尺度一定降雨和下垫面条件下土壤侵蚀产沙状况进行了分析,拟为区域水土流失防治提供参考.研究结果表明:平均降雨强度和产流降雨量是引起坡面土壤侵蚀的主要因素,降雨历时和坡面土壤侵蚀产沙量之间的相关性不明显;坡面径流小区的土壤侵蚀模数随着坡度的增加呈指数增大趋势,当坡度超过20.42°后坡面土壤侵蚀模数呈快速增加趋势;坡面径流小区的侵蚀模数随着坡长的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势,在坡长为22.26 m处达到最大值,说明该区域坡面侵蚀可能存在临界坡长,在22 m左右;坡面土壤侵蚀模数随着植被覆盖度的增加呈减小趋势,但是覆盖度为60%的草地和覆盖度为90%的草地的侵蚀模数差别不大,说明水土流失治理中存在着临界植被覆盖度;梯田、鱼鳞坑、水平阶等整地工程由于改变了下垫面条件,能够有效蓄水拦沙,减弱坡面土壤侵蚀.
Influences of Rainfall and Underlying Surface Conditions on Soil Erosion and Sediment Yield in Yanshan Rocky Mountain Area
Based on the observation data of runoff plots,soil erosion and sediment yield characteristics and its influencing factors on slope scale were analyzed in order to reveal the law of water and soil loss in Yanshan rocky mountain area.This research can provide a reference for regional soil erosion control.The results showed that the average rainfall intensity and rainfall excess for runoff yield were the main factors inducing slope erosion,and the correlation between the rainfall duration and eroded sediment yield was not obvious.The erosion modulus of the runoff plots show exponential growth with the increasing slope gradients,and the erosion modulus showed a rapid increasing trend when the slope gradient was over 20.42° respectively.The critical slope length is about 22 m,when the slope length is less than 22.26 m,the soil erosion modulus increases with the increase of slope length,but after the slope length exceeds 22.26 m,the erosion modulus decreases gradually.The erosion modulus decreased as vegetation coverage increased.However,there was little difference between the erosion modulus of the grassland runoff plots with vegetation cover of 60% and 90%,which indicated that there was a critical vegetation coverage in soil loss control.Land preparation measures such as terrace,fish-scale pit and level bench can effectively store water and retain sediment as well as reduce slope erosion by changing underlying surfaces.

Yanshan rocky mountain arearainfall factorstopographic factorsvegetation coverland preparation measureslope erosion

许海超、李子君、林锦阔、姜爱霞

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山东师范大学地理与环境学院,山东济南250014

燕山土石山区 降雨因子 地形因子 植被覆盖 整地工程 坡面侵蚀

国家自然科学基金

41101079

2016

山地学报
中科院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 中国地理学会

山地学报

CSTPCDCSCD北大核心
影响因子:1.275
ISSN:1008-2786
年,卷(期):2016.34(1)
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