Assessment and Simulation of County Livelihood Efficiency in Poverty-Alleviation Areas:A Case Study of the Qinba Mountainous Area of Southern Shaanxi,China
Mountainous regions of poverty-alleviation in China are areas with fragile ecological environment and concentration of impoverished populations,characterized by low livelihood efficiency and persistent sustainable livelihood issues.They are the focuses of dynamic monitoring for poverty-returning prevention in the new era,and the most concern of comprehensive promotion of Chinese rural revitalization strategy.Previous studies mostly addressed the issues of static livelihood efficiency on a farm household scale,with relatively less attention to livelihood efficiency processes and associated outcomes,making them not enough to interpret the dynamic trend of farm livelihood in mountainous regions of poverty-alleviation in China and the inherent bottlenecks constraining their development.In this study,it took 28 counties in the Qinba mountainous area in southern Shaanxi province of China for a case study;a county livelihood efficiency system dynamics model was constructed using system dynamics methods;a total of 26 scenarios in 5 types of regulation modes were designed to simulate the livelihood efficiency in terms of livelihood capital.(1)From 2015 to 2021,the county livelihood efficiency in the Qinba mountainous area was generally at a relatively moderate level.Among them,the livelihood efficiency in Langao county,Shangnan county,and Shanyang county was relatively low,whereas Zhashui county,Chenggu county,and Hantai district had relatively higher livelihood efficiency.(2)As expected,between 2022 and 2035 the county livelihood efficiency in the Qinba mountainous area would be an upward trend,with an increase from 0.809 to 0.969,an annual average of 0.915 during the period.(3)Strategies such as increasing population,reducing facility agriculture,reducing arable land,reducing financial institution loans,and reducing welfare are expected to significantly enhance the county livelihood efficiency of mountainous regions of poverty-alleviation in China.This study provides a scientific basis for improving the livelihood quality and efficiency in poverty-alleviation areas of China,as well as a reference for promoting sustainable development and rural revitalization in similar regions.
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