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实验动物设施建设和运维中的低碳技术措施

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"双碳"背景下,实验动物设施低碳发展是未来的重要工作方向.调研显示,实验动物设施单位面积碳排放远高于普通民用建筑,且建设总量持续增多,具有一定减排潜力.同时,较高的能耗和碳排放导致实验动物设施在实际运行过程中代价大,甚至部分设施难以维持正常运行.实验动物设施低碳发展有利于保护自然生态、降低设施运行成本和延长设施使用生命期,有益于环境和设施本身.从全生命期角度来看,建筑碳排放主要包括隐含碳排放和运行碳排放,涉及建筑设计、建造与运维阶段.实验动物设施作为动物饲养及实验的主要场所,对温度、湿度、压差、噪声、洁净度和换气次数等环境条件有严格限定,需对建筑工艺平面、层高、建筑设备、通风系统、运行模式等进行特殊设计,以满足使用需求.但特殊需求导致其在建设和运维中的低碳技术措施与普通建筑有较大差异,具有明显特殊性.现有针对实验动物设施低碳技术措施的研究系统性不强,需从实验动物设施建筑本体、建筑设备和智慧运维等多方面、多角度总结低碳技术措施,提出其低碳发展建议.
Low Carbon Technology Measures in Construction and Operation of Laboratory Animal Facilities
In the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals background,the low carbon development of laboratory animal facilities is an important direction for future work.Research shows that the carbon emission per unit area of laboratory animal facilities is much higher than that of ordinary civil buildings,and the total amount of construction continues to increase,which means it has emission reduction potential.At the same time,high energy consumption and carbon emissions lead to huge costs during operation,and even make it difficult for some facilities to sustain.The low carbon development of laboratory animal facilities is conducive to the protection of natural ecology,the reduction of facility operating costs and the extension of facility service life,which is positive for the environment and the facility itself.From the perspective of life cycle,building carbon emission mainly includes embodied carbon emission and operational carbon emission,which involve the design,construction and operation and maintenance of buildings.Laboratory animal facilities,as the main places for animal feeding and experiments,have strict limits on environmental conditions,such as temperature,humidity,pressure difference,noise,cleanliness and ventilation times.Special design is required in terms of building process plan,storey height,building equipment,ventilation system and operation mode to meet the needs of use.The special needs lead to the low carbon technology measures in the construction and operation and maintenance of laboratory animal facilities are quite different from those in ordinary buildings,which has obvious particularity.The existing research on low carbon technology measures for laboratory animal facilities is not systematic.It is necessary to summarize low carbon technology measures from many aspects and perspectives,such as the building body of laboratory animal facilities,equipment and intelligent operation and maintenance,and put forward low carbon development suggestions.

laboratory animal facilitieslife cycleconstructionoperationlow carbon

王清勤、王天阳、范东叶、范红亚

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中国建筑科学研究院有限公司,北京 100013

哈尔滨工业大学建筑与设计学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150006

实验动物设施 全生命期 建设 运维 低碳

2024

施工技术(中英文)
亚太建设科技信息研究院 中国建筑设计研究院 中国建筑工程总公司 中国土木工程学会

施工技术(中英文)

影响因子:1.244
ISSN:2097-0897
年,卷(期):2024.53(17)