首页|秸秆还田和耕作方式对玉米光合特性及产量的影响

秸秆还田和耕作方式对玉米光合特性及产量的影响

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  • 国家科技期刊平台
  • NETL
  • NSTL
  • 万方数据
探究秸秆还田和耕作方式对玉米光合特性及产量的影响，为玉米产量提高提供合理的耕作方式。本试验采用裂区设计，在主区秸秆还田和传统种植模式下，设置深松后旋耕(SS-RT)、旋耕(RT)、深松(SS)和免耕(NT)4 个耕作方式副区处理，对其 2022 年春秋两季玉米的光合特性、叶绿素相对含量、叶面积指数、干物质积累和产量进行测定和比较分析。结果表明，较传统种植模式，秸秆还田模式下SS-RT、RT、SS和NT处理的叶面积指数分别提高 11。01%、6。48%、8。24%、8。75%，叶绿素相对含量分别提高 5。96%、5。14%、5。27%、6。49%，净光合速率分别提高 7。57%、9。04%、8。90%、9。39%，穗干物质量分别提高 9。03%、5。40%、6。73%、8。78%，周年产量分别提高 2。92%、4。73%、2。28%、3。52%;且秸秆还田模式下SS-RT处理的春秋季产量均值较RT、SS和NT分别提高 2。38%、12。26%、17。01%。综上可知，秸秆还田模式下深松后旋耕、旋耕、深松和免耕均可提高玉米的光合性能、干物质积累量和周年产量，且以秸秆还田结合深松后旋耕的效果更佳。
Effects of Straw Returning and Tillage Methods on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Maize
This experiment aimed to study the effects of straw returning and tillage methods on photosyn-thetic characteristics and yield of maize by split-plot design,and to provide reasonable tillage method for maize yield improvement.Under the precondition of straw returning and traditional cultivation pattern,four tillage treatments were set as rotary tillage after deep loosening(SS-RT),rotary tillage(RT),deep loosening(SS)and no-tillage(NT),and their effects on photosynthetic parameters,relative chlorophyll content,leaf area in-dex,dry matter accumulation and yield of spring and autumn maize in 2022 were compared.The results showed that compared with traditional cultivation,under straw returning,the leaf area index of SS-RT,RT,SS and NT treatments increased by 11.01%,6.48%,8.24%and 8.75%respectively,the relative chlorophyll content increased by 5.96%,5.14%,5.27%and 6.49%respectively,the net photosynthetic rate increased by 7.57%,9.04%,8.90%and 9.39%respectively,the spike dry mater weight increased by 9.03%,5.40%,6.73%and 8.78%respectively,the annual yield increased by 2.92%,4.73%,2.28%and 3.52%respective-ly.The mean of spring and autumn yields under SS-RT treatment with straw returning increased by 2.38%,12.26%and 17.01%compared with RT,SS and NT treatments,respectively.In summary,rotary tillage after deep loosening,rotary tillage,loosening and no-till under straw returning all improved the photosynthetic ca-pacity,dry matter accumulation and annual yield of maize,and the best treatment was straw returning com-bined with rotary tillage after deep loosening.

MaizeStraw returningTillage methodPhotosynthetic characteristicsYield

高鹏举、李发桥、唐国荣、石达金、谭贤杰、程伟东、周勋波、吕巨智

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广西大学农学院,广西 南宁 530004

广西壮族自治区农业科学院玉米研究所,广西 南宁 530007

玉米 秸秆还田 耕作方式 光合特性 产量

国家现代农业产业技术体系南宁玉米综合试验站项目国家现代农业产业技术体系广西创新团队建设专项广西农业科学院科技发展基金项目

CARS-02-86nycytxgxcxtd-2021-04-04桂农科2021JM44

2024

10.14083/j.issn.1001-4942.2024.06.005

山东农业科学
山东省农业科学院,山东农学会,山东农业大学

山东农业科学

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子：0.578
ISSN：1001-4942
年,卷(期)：2024.56(6)