饲粮纤维水平对肉鸡生长性能、血清生化、免疫器官及小肠发育的影响

Effects of Dietary Fiber Level on Growth Performance,Serum Biochemistry,Immune Organs and Small Intestine Development of Broilers

阎佩佩 ¹姚启蒙 ²李和朋 ²赵群峰 ²李宝华 ²朱应波 ³刘雪兰 ¹伏春燕¹

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作者信息

1. 山东省农业科学院家禽研究所,山东济南 250100
2. 海阳市畜牧兽医站,山东海阳 265100
3. 东营蓝海生态养殖有限公司,山东东营 257100
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摘要

为研究饲粮纤维(玉米酒糟粕、米糠、麸皮等比例混合物)对肉鸡生长性能、血清生化指标、免疫器官指数及小肠发育的影响,选取 1 日龄罗斯 308 肉用仔鸡 480 只,随机分为 4 组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮基础上添加不同水平(3.0%、4.5%、6.0%)的饲粮纤维,饲养 42 d.结果表明:1)与对照组相比,添加饲粮纤维降低肉鸡 1～21 日龄体重、平均日增重、平均日采食量(P<0.05),但 6.0%纤维组提高了肉鸡 42 日龄体重和 22～42 日龄平均日增重,并降低了 22～42 日龄和 1～42 日龄的料重比(P<0.05).2)不同水平纤维饲粮均显著提高了血清中白蛋白水平(P<0.05),与对照组相比,3.0%、6.0%纤维组血清甘油三酯和总蛋白水平在 21 日龄时显著升高(P<0.05),但 42 日龄时显著降低(P<0.05).3)21 日龄时,4.5%纤维组脾脏指数显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),42 日龄时 6.0%纤维组法氏囊指数显著低于对照和 4.5%纤维组(P<0.05).4)3%纤维组显著降低了肉鸡21 日龄回肠绒隐比和42 日龄十二指肠隐窝深度(P<0.05),提高了42 日龄十二指肠绒隐比(P<0.05);6.0%纤维组显著提高了 21 日龄和 42 日龄空肠绒毛高度以及 21 日龄回肠绒毛高度(P<0.05),4.5%纤维组显著降低了 21 日龄空肠隐窝深度(P<0.05).综上,6.0%饲粮纤维可提高肉鸡生长性能,降低血清胆固醇、甘油三酯水平,并促进小肠发育.

Abstract

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary fiber(a mixture of dried corn distillers'grains,rice bran and wheat bran at equal proportion)on growth performance,serum biochemi-cal indicators,immunity organ index and small intestine development of broilers.A total of 480 one-day-old ROSS 308 broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups.Broilers in the control group were fed the basal diet,and those in the other 3 groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with dietary fiber by 3.0%,4.5%and 6.0%respectively for 42 days.The results were as follows.1)Compared to the control group,dietary fiber sup-plementation decreased body weight,average daily gain and average daily feed intake of broilers at 1～21 days of age(P<0.05),but 6.0%dietary fiber group increased body weight at 42-day age and average daily gain at 22～42-day age,and decreased the ratio of feed to gain at 1～42-day age(P<0.05).2)All dietary fiber groups increased serum albumin level(P<0.05),and compared to the control,both 3.0%and 6.0%dietary fiber groups increased serum triglyceride and total protein levels at 21-day age,which were decreased at 42-day age(P<0.05).3)The 4.5%dietary fiber group increased spleen index at 21-day age(P<0.05)com-pared with the other groups,and 6.0%dietary fiber group decreased bursa of fabricius index at 42-day age(P<0.05)compared with the control and the 4.5%dietary fiber group.4)The 3.0%dietary fiber group de-creased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in ileum at 21-day age and crypt depth in duodenum at 42-day age(P<0.05),and increased the duodenum ratio of villus height to crypt depth at 42-day age(P<0.05);the 6.0%dietary fiber group increased jejunum villus height at 21-day age and 42-day age,and ileum villus height at 21-day age(P<0.05);the 4.5%dietary fiber group decreased jejunum crypt depth at 21-day age.In con-clusion,dietary supplemented with 6.0%dietary fiber could improve production performance,reduce serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels,and promote small intestine development of broilers.

关键词

肉鸡/纤维水平/生长性能/血清生化/免疫器官/肠道发育

Key words

Broilers/Fiber level/Growth performance/Serum biochemistry/Immune organs/Intestinal development

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基金项目

山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2019JZZY020602)

济南市人才发展环境政策项目(202228037)

山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2023D06)

东营市科技计划项目(2020JCYJ105)

出版年

2024

山东农业科学

山东省农业科学院,山东农学会,山东农业大学

山东农业科学

CSTPCD北大核心

影响因子：0.578

ISSN：1001-4942

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