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有机肥替代部分化肥对麦田土壤肥力及产能的影响

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本研究选用济紫麦 1 号、济麦 22 号两个冬小麦品种为供试材料，以不施肥(CK)、农民习惯施肥(FP)为对照，设置化肥优化施用(OPT)、有机肥氮替代 15%化肥氮(85%OPT)、有机肥氮替代 30%化肥氮(70%OPT)处理，研究有机肥替代部分化肥对小麦产量、品质及土壤肥力的影响，进而探明有机肥替代部分化肥对耕地质量和产能提升的效果。结果表明:有机肥替代部分化肥能够提高土壤耕层养分含量，其中，85%OPT处理耕层土壤有机质、碱解氮含量最高，较OPT处理平均增加 10。50%和 9。85%，较 FP 处理显著增加10。06%和13。91%;且 85%OPT处理产量最高，较FP处理平均增产 6。26%，70%OPT处理产量较FP平均增产仅为 2。92%;公顷穗数和穗粒数增加是产量提高的主要原因;两地 85%OPT处理的氮肥偏生产力均高于其他处理，且与FP差异显著，说明适当的有机肥替代比例可以提高养分利用率;有机肥替代化肥处理籽粒容重、蛋白质含量平均高于其他处理。综合产量、品质与土壤肥力等方面，有机肥氮替代 15%化肥氮(85%OPT)处理施用效果最优。
Impacts of Partial Replacement of Chemical Fertilizer with Organic Fertilizer on Soil Fertility and Productivity in Wheat Fields
This study used two winter wheat varieties of Ji Zimai No.1 and Ji Mai No.22 as test materi-als.The treatments of optimal application of chemical fertilizer(OPT),replacing 15%of fertilizer nitrogen with organic fertilizer nitrogen(85%OPT),and replacing 30%of fertilizer nitrogen with organic fertilizer ni-trogen(70%OPT)were set,using no fertilization(CK)and farmers'customary fertilization(FP)as con-trols.The impacts of partial replacement of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer on wheat yield,quality and soil fertility were studied,further to explore its improving effects on quality and productivity of cultivated land.The results showed that partial replacement of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer could increase soil nu-trients contents in the topsoil.Among which,both organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen contents in the topsoil of 85%OPT treatment were the highest,which were 10.50%and 9.85%higher than those of the OPT treatment,and significantly increased by 10.06%and 13.91%than those of FP treatment,respectively.The highest yield was observed in 85%OPT treatment,increasing by 6.26%in average compared with FP treat-ment,while the yield of 70%OPT treatment was only 2.92%higher than that of the FP treatment.The increase of panicle number per hectare and grain number per panicle was the main reason for the increase of yield.Ni-trogen partial factor productivity in 85%OPT treatment of both sites were higher than those in the other treat-ments,showing significantly difference with those in FP treatment,which indicated that replacing chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer in a suitable proportion could improve nutrients use efficiency.The grain bulk weight and protein content were higher in the treatments using organic fertilizer than other treatments.Taking into condition of yield,quality,soil fertility and other factors,replacing 15%chemical fertilizer nitrogen with organic fertilizer nitrogen(85%OPT)performed the best.

Partial replacement of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizerSoil fertilityNutrient utili-zationWheat yieldQuality

王奥宇、魏建林、马垒、郑福丽、谷峰、逄蕾、殷青社、李国红、谭德水

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养分资源高效利用全国重点实验室/农业农村部废弃物基质化利用重点实验室/山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,山东 济南 250100

山东农业大学,山东 泰安 271000

梁山县农业农村局,山东 梁山 272600

郓城县农业农村局,山东 郓城 274700

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有机肥替代部分化肥 土壤肥力 养分利用 小麦产量 品质

国家重点研发计划项目国家小麦产业技术体系项目山东省科技型中小企业创新能力提升工程项目山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目山东省重点研发计划(科技示范工程)项目

2021YFD1901003CARS-032022TSGC2408CXGC2023A142022SFGC0303

2024

10.14083/j.issn.1001-4942.2024.10.015

山东农业科学
山东省农业科学院,山东农学会,山东农业大学

山东农业科学

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子：0.578
ISSN：1001-4942
年,卷(期)：2024.56(10)