Correlations between sleep monitoring indicators and EEG power spectra and cognitive impairment in patients with insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea
Objective To investigate the correlations between sleep monitoring indicators and electroencephalo-graphic(EEG)power spectra and cognitive impairment in patients with insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea.Methods Seventy-four cases of insomnia patients were collected,and the patients were divided into the insomnia group and insomnia with OSA group according to whether they had OSA or not.Polysomnography was used to monitor the sleep indicators of the two groups,and sleep EEG power spectrum was analyzed by sleep EEG processing software.Cognitive function was as-sessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale,and the Memory and Executive Screening Scale(MES).Pearson's correlation was used to analyze the correlations between sleep indicators and EEG power spectra and cognitive impairment in patients with insomnia and OSA.Results Compared with the insomnia group,the insomnia with OSA group had ele-vated AHI and ODI,decreased LSPO2,and reduced total sleep time(TST)and sleep in the NREM2 period(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with the insomnia group,the insomnia with OSA group had reduced beta and delta EEG power spec-tra in the wakefulness period;had increased delta EEG power spectra in the NREM1 period;increased delta and beta EEG power spectra,and reduced theta and sigma EEG power spectra in the NREM2 period;and increased delta,beta,and sig-ma EEG power spectra in the REM period(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The MES total score,MoCA total score,and MoCA sub-factors including overall cognitive function,visuospatial and executive,abstraction,delayed recall,and MES total score were lower in the insomnia with OSA group than in the insomnia group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).REM stage sleep was posi-tively correlated with delayed recall(r=0.331,P<0.05),the sleep in the NREM2 period was positively correlated with to-tal MES score(r=0.352,P<0.01),AHI was negatively correlated with total MES score(r=-0.335,P<0.05),WASO was positively correlated with naming function and orientation(r=0.445,P<0.05;r=0.452,P<0.05),and sleep latency and AHI were negatively correlated with naming function(r=-0.415,P<0.05;r=-0.360,P<0.05).The theta EEG power spectra in the NREM2 period were positively correlated with total MES score(r=0.334,P<0.05),alpha EEG pow-er spectra in the NREM1 period were negatively correlated with MoCA attention scores(r=-0.679,P<0.05),and beta EEG power spectra in the NREM1 period were negatively correlated with MoCA abstraction score(r=-0.585,P<0.05).Conclusion Sleep monitoring indicators and EEG power spectra in insomnia with OSA patients showed decreased sleep in NREM2 stage,increased hypoxia-related indices in sleep,decreased theta power spectra in NREM2 period,and de-creased theta,alpha power spectra in NREM1 period,and this alteration of the sleep structure damaged their level of cogni-tive function.
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