摘要
目的 了解初中生与高中生的心理韧性差异及其与非自杀性自伤(NSSI)的关系,为预防NSSI提供理论支持和实践指导.方法 于2023年3月在江西省3所中学采用分层整群抽样方法共抽取3 372名中学生(其中初中生1 730人,高中生1 642人;男生1 908人,女生1 464人)作为研究对象,使用自制的调查表、渥太华自伤量表、青少年心理韧性量表进行现场调查,并使用卡方检验、t检验、Logistic回归等统计方法进行分析.结果 初中生的心理韧性总分低于高中生(P＜0.05),其中初中生的目标专注、情绪控制、积极认知、家庭支持得分均低于高中生(P＜0.05);男生的目标专注、情绪控制、积极认知上的得分均高于女生(P＜0.05).中学生NSSI检出率为34.40％,其中初中生高于高中生(P＜0.05),女生高于男生(P＜0.05).多因素Logistic回归分析显示,情绪控制(OR=0.904,95％CI:0.889,0.919)、积极认知(OR=0.958,95％CI:0.936,0.982)、家庭支持(OR=0.967,95％CI:0.950,0.983)、人际协助(OR=0.956,95％CI:0.941,0.971)与NSSI检出率呈负相关(P＜0.05);初中生(OR=1.336,95％CI:1.142,1.562)、担任班干部(OR=1.280,95％CI:1.080,1.517)、就读于南昌大学附属中学(OR=2.065,95％CI:1.658,2.572)或崇仁县第二中学(OR=1.390,95％CI:1.175,1.650)者发生NSSI的风险较大(P＜0.05).结论 心理韧性存在年级和性别差异,且与中学生NSSI的发生有一定关系.应积极关注心理韧性低的学生(特别是初中生)并加强心理健康教育.
Abstract
Objective To understand differences in psychological resilience between middle-and high-school students,and their relationships with non-suicidal self-injury,and to provide practical guidance for the prevention of non-suicidal self-injury.Methods In March 2023,a total of 3 372 students(1 730 from junior high and 1 642 from high schools;with 1 908 boys and 1 464 girls)were selected from in three middle schools in the Jiangxi Province,using the stratified whole group sampling method.They were surveyed on-site using self-administered questionnaires,the Ottawa Self-Injury Inventory,and the Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents.The collected data were analyzed using statistical methods such as chi-square test,t-test,and logistic regression.Results Middle school students had lower total psychological resilience scores than high school students(P＜0.05),and middle school students scored lower on goal focus,emotional control,positive cognitions,and family support than did high school students(P＜0.05).The scores on goal focus,emotional control,and positive cognition of boys were higher than those of girls(P＜0.05).Prevalence of NSSI in the student population reached 34.40％,with middle school students higher than high school students,and girls higher than boys(P＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that emotional control(OR=0.904,95％CI=0.889,0.919),positive cognition(OR=0.958,95％CI=0.936,0.982),family support(OR=0.967,95％CI=0.950,0.983),interpersonal assistance(OR=0.956,95％CI=0.941,0.971),were negatively correlated with the detection rate of NSSI(P＜0.05);junior high school students(OR=1.336,95％CI=1.142,1.562),those who were class cadres(OR=1.280,95％CI=1.080,1.517).Those who attended the High School Affiliated to Nanchang University(OR=2.065,95％CI=1.658,2.572)or the NO.2 Middle School of Chongren(OR=1.390,95％CI=1.175,1.650)had a greater risk of NSSI(P＜0.05).Conclusion There are grade and gender differences in psychological resilience between the two groups of students with a relationship of NSSI occurence in middle school students.Positive attention should be paid to students with low psychological resilience(especially middle school students)and psychological health education should be strengthened.
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万方数据