Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2006 to 2021,by measuring the comprehensive index of high-quality economic development,the ESDA method is applied to analyze the spatial correlation between population aging and high-quality economic development,and a spatial econometric model is further constructed to explore the spatial effect of aging on high-quality economic development.It is found that the aging of China's overall population has a positive impact on the high-quality development of the local economy,while it has a negative spatial spillover effect on the high-quality economic development of neighboring areas.In terms of regions,the direct effects of population aging on high-quality economic development in the eastern,central and western regions are all positive,but not significant in the western region,negative indirect effects in the central and eastern regions,and positive indirect effects in the western region.