Struggling with multiple time pressures during the child-rearing period is one of the major dilemmas faced by families in China and has aroused widespread concern and discussion in society.However,empirical studies on this issue remain scarce.Based on Shanghai's 2018 Time Use Survey data,this study examines the time use patterns of dual-earner parenting couples and analyzes the time pressure types of the couples and their daily activity patterns.The results show that dual-earner families encounter the dual stress of domestic work and increased commuting time during the child-rearing period,and four types of time pressure are identifiable:extremely high family pressure,family pressure,commuting pressure,and general pressure.This study aims to provide research bases for child-rearing-friendly policies.
child-rearingtime-use patternactivity patterndivision of household labordual-earner family