Multi-objective optimization of nearly zero energy building shape in cold regions with carbon neutrality orientation
In the context of dual-carbon target,the requirements of building performance are further improved.Whether the society can further improve building performance and reduce carbon emissions on the basis of nearly zero-energy building standards has become an urgent problem to be solved in the construction industry.China has a vast territory and a rich terrain form,which leads to the large differences in regional climate characteristics in different regions.Under the influence of regional climate,there are obvious differences in building carbon emission characteristics and low carbon energy saving potential and paths in different regions.Among them,due to the special climate conditions,affected by winter heating problems and other factors,the carbon emission problem is more prominent,which is worth paying attention.With the steady progress of the direction of low-carbon energy saving in the construction field and the continuous update of technology,the thermal performance of the envelope of nearly zero energy consumption buildings in cold areas has basically approached or reached the limit.The potential of energy saving and carbon reduction to further improve the thermal performance of the envelope is limited,and it is easy to cause the waste of resources.Therefore,it is an effective means to optimize the form and facade parameters of building energy to supply building energy,which is to reduce the carbon emission of buildings with nearly zero energy consumption in cold areas.Multi-objective optimization methods based on simulation are relatively mature in the construction field.However,in the current research content,more building energy and renewable energy technology capacity as two independent parts,but there is no overall consideration between the two,resulting in the difficulty of achieving the expected low-carbon energy saving effect in practical application.In the current research,when the building parameters are optimized,the hierarchical scale of the building parameters is not often considered enough,and the building parameters of different levels are often optimized in coordination.However,in the early stage of the scheme design,the coordinated optimization of different levels of parameters will limit the architect's thinking on the facade composition and body design to a certain extent,restrict the architect's thinking,and is not conducive to the comparative analysis and discussion of the parameters in the later stage.In order to study the possibility of further reducing carbon emission in near-zero energy consumption buildings in cold areas,and the relationship between the parameters of all building levels and carbon emission,comfort and other performance.This paper takes the Sino-German Energy Conservation Demonstration Center of Shenyang Jianzhu University as an example,relying on the Rhino + Grasshopper parametric platform,considers the renewable energy production end and energy use end of the building as a whole,divides the parameters into morphological parameters and facade parameters according to the different levels of building parameters,and constructs the corresponding target function according to the characteristics of the near zero energy consumption building.Based on the RBFOpt algorithm,the multi-objective optimization experiment is carried out in two stages.After obtaining the Pareto frontier solution set,the objective function is given weight and weighted processing,and the optimal scheme under the current weight allocation is made comprehensively.Finally,Simlab was used for the global sensitivity analysis of the building parameters,ranking the parameters according to their sensitivity.The results show that:on the premise that the thermal performance of the near-zero energy consumption building envelope has reached the limit,after the multi-stage multi-target optimization experiment and TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation method,the carbon emission per unit area of the optimal scheme is 18.779 kgCO2/m2,4.75%lower than the current situation,and the production capacity consumption ratio is 1.042,up 8.2%compared with the current situation.It proves that the multi-stage and multi-target optimization method is effective for improving the performance of near-zero energy consumption buildings in cold areas and reducing carbon emissions.The multi-stage and multi-objective optimization method has less calculation cost and higher accuracy of the results,which is more in line with the generation logic of the building scheme.In addition,the recommended values and intervals of each building parameter variable are given according to the experimental results.In addition,the sensitivity of building parameter variables at different levels to building performance targets such as carbon emission is explored.For building carbon emission,the two parameters with higher sensitivity are the surface width and depth ratio and skylight area ratio.For the capacity consumption ratio,the most sensitive parameter is the building orientation and skylight area ratio.For indoor comfort,the most sensitive parameter is the south and west window-wall ratio.The multi-stage multi-objective optimization method and technical path of production capacity consumption end collaboration proposed in this paper can be used as the method blueprint,providing some reference for the design and optimization of various types of nearly zero energy consumption buildings in cold areas and other climate areas.
multi-objective optimizationnearly zero energy buildingsevere cold regionsbuilding shapeRBFOpt algorithmcarbon neutral
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