Optimal design of residential district edge space based on edge effect theory:Taking Guangyi Street Residential Area in Chongqing as an example
With the end of the incremental era and the arrival of the stock era,incremental planning is gradually transitioning to stock planning.In the context of market-oriented development,the proportion of residential areas in cities is constantly increasing,and residential areas have become an important component of urban space.Among them,the edge space of residential areas serves as an important space for the contact between residential areas and cities,serving as a carrier for information transmission and material exchange between residential areas and cities.It undertakes the function of resource exchange between residential areas and heterogeneous spaces in cities,and plays an important role in connecting cities,dividing spaces,and shaping distinctive urban culture.Its design plays a crucial role in creating a good overall image of the city,coordinating the binary structural relationship between residential areas and the city creating friendly and livable cities and promoting benign urbanization play important and unique roles.The specific meaning of the edge space of residential areas refers to the transitional zone between different spatial functions within and outside the residential area,which has a certain spatial range and mutual influence.It is a belt shaped space surrounding the residential area and the city,and the first spatial interface in contact with the city.At present,due to factors such as urbanization construction and industrial development in recent years,many residential areas in China generally suffer from a series of problems such as separation from cities,strong closure,low space utilization,single functional forms,and lack of human care.As the quality of people's daily life continues to improve,the edge space and its environmental status in residential areas can no longer meet people's needs for high-quality living.Therefore,optimizing the edge space of residential areas becomes particularly important.Based on the nature of edge space and the combination of human subjective factors and activity characteristics,research has found that people's needs for the edge of residential areas are mainly reflected in aspects such as safety,direction,transition,recreation,participation,and efficient guidance.However,in traditional architectural planning and design,the emphasis on edge space is often insufficient.The design usually regards the building as the main body and the environment as a secondary factor.In terms of design sequence,the first consideration is the layout and enclosure of the building,followed by the shaping of the environment.As a result,the design of the edge space is ignored,which will have a significant negative impact on the external space of the city and the edge space of residential areas.To solve the problems of edge space,it is necessary to pay attention to the design of edge space.In addition,boundary effect theory is an important theory originating from the field of ecology,which has gradually been introduced into the study of urban space in recent years and has gradually developed into an important theory for studying urban space.The changes in the development process of urban space and the changes in social value can change the physical and social characteristics of edge space.As a transitional area between residential areas and cities,the edge space of residential areas has typical characteristics of edge space.Applying boundary effect theory to optimize and study it has strong guidance and applicability.The generation of boundary effects can also promote the beneficial development of relationships between units in urban space,which has positive significance for the structural optimization of urban space.Therefore,based on the analysis of the practical problems of the edge space in residential areas,this article introduces the edge effect theory in ecology as the theoretical basis for research,explores the design optimization of the edge space in residential areas,and takes the Guangyi Street community in Chongqing as a research case,combining theory with practical cases to analyze the relationship between the form of the edge space in residential areas and human activity behavior.Taking the integration and symbiosis of urban space and residential area space as the fundamental starting point,this paper proposes a design strategy of"softening fusion symbiosis"at three levels,attempting to summarize the design methods of residential area edge space,in order to soften the hard separation between residential areas and cities,enhance the overall spatial image of the city,activate urban spatial vitality,and provide reference and reference for similar residential area edge space planning and design.
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