Research on the characteristics and influencing factors of residential outdoor activities in different seasons for the elderly and children living in winter cities
As China's population ages,the number of the elderly and children has been steadily increasing in recent years.Against this backdrop,grandparenting has become a common phenomenon in the country.In winter cities,where climate conditions vary significantly with the seasons,the elderly and children populations face heightened environmental health risks.The changing seasons in these winter cities notably impact the activity patterns of these groups.Residential areas,as the primary venues for outdoor activities for the elderly and children,can effectively meet their needs and adapt to seasonal changes through the optimization of physical spaces and the socio-cultural environment.Therefore,this paper is oriented to improve the health level of the elderly and children groups in winter cities,with the goal of improving their level of all-season activities,extending the duration of activities,and enriching the types of activities.Also,this paper focuses on the intergenerational activity needs of the elderly and children groups in the outdoor activity space of the settlements in winter cities,and investigates the characteristics of the intergenerational interaction behaviors of the elderly and children groups in different seasons,and explores the relationship between them and environmental elements of the outdoor activity space of the settlements by means of field research and data analysis.The findings are used to adjust resource allocation and improve environmental quality,proposing strategies for optimizing these outdoor spaces to guide improvements in winter cities.Firstly,the study begins with a combined approach of field surveys and questionnaires,investigating 452 elderly and children pairs across six sample residential areas in Harbin.The core of this research lies in the"activity characteristics of the elderly and children in residential outdoor spaces"."Activity characteristics in residential outdoor spaces"under the context is driven by internal factors such as personal characteristics of these groups and external factors like seasonal changes in cold urban climates and the residential environment.The questionnaire covers potential influencing factors,including individual characteristics,residential environment planning features,and social aspects of the residential environment,as well as activity characteristics in residential outdoor spaces across different seasons,such as activity frequency,duration,and types.Secondly,a comprehensive analysis of the questionnaire results reveals the characteristics of the elderly and children's outdoor activities in residential areas across different seasons,including the demographics of participants,types of activities,range of trip,timing,and spatial distribution.To further explore the characteristics of these activities(frequency,duration,and types)and their relationship with the outdoor space environment across different seasons.The study employs multiple regression analysis to identify influencing factors for each activity characteristic,providing a basis for subsequent residential optimization.The results of the study show that the frequency of outdoor activities of the elderly and children is closely related to the seasonal changes in winter cities,and that the frequency of outdoor activities in the cold season is most significantly affected by the accessibility of the site,while the frequency of outdoor activities in the other seasons is significantly affected by the characteristics of the society.In terms of activity duration,the duration of outdoor activities of the old and children groups in all seasons is mainly affected by the environmental characteristics of the residential area,and there are differences in the types of influencing factors and the degree of influence in different seasons.In terms of activity types,there are significant differences in age and preferences for venues among the three different interaction types.On the basis of the results of the above research,the causes of the corresponding influencing factors are reasonably analyzed,so as to provide a basis for the subsequent optimization of settlements.Finally,based on these findings,the study proposes strategies for optimizing outdoor activity spaces in cold urban residential areas,focusing on setting optimization goals,mechanisms,and creating an environment.The construction of all-season friendly shared settlements for the elderly and the young is taken as the optimization goal,and a mechanism for the joint construction of soft and hard support systems and a mechanism for the collaboration of multiple actors are used to jointly promote the high-quality development of the settlements.At the same time,strategies are proposed for the creation of physical space and social and humanistic environment in the settlements.Specific strategies for creating spatial environments in settlements include the creation of safe and comfortable travel conditions,activity areas and facilities that take into account seasonal use,enhanced weather protection to extend the duration of outdoor activities throughout the season,and safe and comfortable outdoor spaces that are inclusive of a wide range of activity types for children and elder persons with the expectation that they will be able to effectively meet the needs of older and younger age groups in their use of the space and to cope with seasonal variations.Through the above optimization strategies,humanistic care for vulnerable groups has also been added.
winter citiesthe elderly and childrenseasoncharacteristics of outdoor activitiesresidential optimization strategies
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