Community resilience:Evolution and spatial planning response
Since the concept of community resilience was put forward in the 1980s,this term has been a focal point in various disciplines such as sociology,environmental science,and engineering.While these disciplines individually contribute to understanding social unit resilience,environmental features'capacity to absorb shocks,and building infrastructure resilience.It may result in inconsistent concepts and definitions by combining them.The terms of spatial resilience,territorial resilience and territorial resilience planning emerged successively after 1990,2010 and 2015.It can be seen that urban and spatial planning with resilience can be served as a method to address complex disaster risks.This paper aims to analyze the evolution of community resilience research and apply accumulated knowledge to urban and spatial planning.By utilizing Citespace and Histcite to quantitatively analyze 2 266 international documents,this study reveals several key findings:firstly,there has been a consistent increase in articles since 2010,with the United States(29.54%),Australia(9.12%),the United Kingdom(9.05%),Canada(4.71%),and China(4.38%)being the top five contributors.Secondly,disciplinary analysis highlights a clear trend of network agglomeration,with eight top disciplines namely"Energy&Fuel""Sociology""Public,Environmental and Occupational Health""Engineering,Civil""Forestry""Anthropology""Engineering,Geological"and"Engineering,Industrial".It means that interdisciplinary cooperation and multidisciplinary development become research tendency.Thirdly,although scholar network is generally dispersed,some scholar circles cooperate closely relying on scientific research institutions.Particularly,the"California academic circle"exhibits significant agglomeration degree,followed by the"Colorado academic circle".Fourthly,research hotspots are clustered by ten topics including"indigenous""conservation""urban resilience""social network""community development""COVID-19""earthquake""substance abuse""matrix"and"democracy".To be more specific,Social network is the core feature which is manifested as long hot period and high burst value."Place"is common concern among research hotspots.Lastly,research frontiers,identified through burst value analysis,encompasses four directions which are compound-risk governance,spatial-temporal evolution,bottom-up and top-down social network and Multi-system evaluation model.All these will be research challenges.Furthermore,a dataset of cited literature on hotspots and frontiers is connected with urban and spatial planning literature through content analysis.Implications suggest that urban and spatial planning,with its interdisciplinary nature,incorporates spatial analysis tools and planning techniques to reflect interactions among different places.Community resilience assessment,grounded in local characteristics,such as exposure,vulnerability data,service radius of rescue facilities,serves as the correlation basis for urban and spatial planning.A community baseline resilience model aids policymaker in prioritizing mitigation measures for high-risk space based on the complex perspective of multi-scale,spatial-temporal characteristics,differential weighting factors and spatial autocorrelation characteristics.Notably,urban and spatial planning's key role is in analyzing and mapping the dependence between component performance and social networks in the built environment.Thus,planners should not only pay attention to the improvement of the internal space and infrastructure in the community,but also take consideration of"dependent space"and"ecosystem connectivity"outside the community owing to the diversity of risks.This may strengthen"risk dispersion",diversify spatial functions and maneuver facility configuration by land area allocation and spatial optimization layout in higher-level urban planning.The discipline of urban and spatial planning has the highest number of published literatures on community resilience in china,which focus on spatial optimization for disaster risk adaptation.Thus territorial space resilience with three frontier research topics is proposed including the normative definition,evaluation methods under Socio-Eco-Technological systems,and bottom-up social network governance by linking with the international research hotspots,frontier issues and the association with spatial planning.It is necessary to integrate the core characteristics of spatial resilience(focusing on ecological system resilience)and community resilience(focusing on economic and social system resilience)to constructs territorial spatial resilience definition.The new concept emphasizes the improvement of environmental carrying capacity,the human innovation of community system and the perceptibility of smart infrastructure in technological system.It is also a clear research direction to recognize the nonlinear and complex relationship among Socio-Eco-Technological systems and develop general evaluation models to integrate environmental,economic,social,technical and other indicators for territorial space resilience.The study envisions the enhancement of territorial space resilience through stakeholder decision-making and advocates for collective responsibility in"urban and spatial planning based on resilience".Overall,this paper provides valuable insights for optimizing urban and spatial planning under resilience thinking.
community resiliencebibliometricsurban planningrisk governance
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据
