面向碳中和目标,我国《绿色生态城区评价标准》具有优化升级的可能,但优化路径有待探索.通过梳理国外绿色生态城区评价标准发现,评价标准整合碳中和目标是趋势所向,能源指标是评价标准优化升级的重点.对此,选择美国LEED Cities and Communities和英国BREEAM Communities,开展碳中和目标下中美英绿色生态城区评价标准能源指标比较研究.研究表明:美英评价标准能源指标在整合碳中和目标上具有先进性,能源指标分布集中,重视可再生能源与碳排放的评价,且条文细则在"优化能源结构""注重可再生能源开发"和"建筑与基础设施节能"上已有创新.基于比较结果,对碳中和目标下我国《绿色生态城区评价标准》及其能源指标的优化提出"编制理念及控制项需明确碳中和目标""调整能源指标的分布情况和分值权重""能源指标条文细则落位碳中和新技术"3点启示.
Comparison and enlightenment of energy indicators of green eco-district assessment criteria from the goal of carbon neutrality in China,the United States,and the United Kingdom
Facing the carbon neutrality goal,promoting urban group development with the concept of green and low-carbon,and building green ecological urban areas that integrate carbon neutrality will become an important demand of China's new urbanization.In this context,as a favorable tool to guide the standardization of green ecological urban areas,China's Green Eco-District Assessment Criteria has not yet integrated the carbon neutrality goal,and there is a major need for optimization and upgrading.Therefore,how to integrate the carbon neutrality goal has become an urgent problem to be studied.By combing Green Eco-District Assessment Criteria abroad,it is found that the integration of carbon neutrality goal is the trend.The analysis shows that the energy indicators is the key to the optimization and upgrading of evaluation standards for Green Eco-District Assessment Criteria under the carbon neutrality goal.Through literature review,it is found that the domestic researches mainly use comparative analysis to emphasize the value of energy indicators,indicating that energy indicators have an important function of affecting energy consumption and carbon emissions in urban areas.Foreign studies show that there is no uniform criterion for the delineation of the evaluation direction of energy indicators at present,but it basically involves the stages of energy planning,development,utilization and management,which also provides references for the definition of energy indicators.In addition,comparative analysis is an important method to study energy indicators at home and abroad,which can reveal the differences and similarities of different evaluation standards and help the new evaluation standards find problems and improve the evaluation content.Based on the above analysis,LEED Cities and Communities and BREEAM Communities were selected to carry out a comparative study on the energy indicators of Green Eco-District Assessment Criteria in China,the United States and the United Kingdom under the carbon neutrality goal.The studies show that LEED Cities and Communities and BREEAM Communities have advanced in integrating carbon neutrality goals.Specifically,it includes:1)On the basis of integrating the concept of evaluation standard preparation with the carbon neutrality goal,the control item of energy indicators explains the evaluation conditions of carbon neutral urban areas in detail;2)The distribution of energy indicators in the evaluation criteria is concentrated,concise and clear,and the evaluation of renewable energy and carbon emissions is emphasized in the weight of scores;3)The energy indicators attaches importance to optimizing the energy structure,focusing on the development of renewable energy and energy conservation of buildings and infrastructure,and corresponding highlights the three innovative evaluation contents of grid planning,carbon offset by renewable energy certificates,and passive energy conservation of buildings.Based on the comparison results,this paper puts forward the enlightenment on the Green Eco-District Assessment Criteria and its energy indicators from three aspects:first,it can integrate the carbon neutrality goals in the concept and control items of evaluation criteria;second,it can adjust the distribution and weight of energy indicators;third,it can add the terminal electrification rate index,introduce the renewable energy green power trading system,improve the building energy efficiency indicators requirements,and other contents.Aiming at the carbon neutrality goal,this study mainly provides some qualitative optimization enlightenment for the optimization of China's Green Eco-District Assessment Criteria.In the future research,it is necessary to deepen Green Eco-District Assessment Criteria and its quantitative research on energy indicators,and further adjust the numerical requirements of the indicators combined with other research methods,so as to better meet the needs of the construction of carbon-neutral urban areas in China's new urbanization.
Assessment Standard for Green Eco-Districtcarbon neutralityenergy indicatorscomparative analysis
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