Study on the urban transformation history of Luoyang through the morphological perspective from the beginning to the mid-20th
Luoyang experienced significant expansion twice over a 50-year period between the 1910s and 1960s,motivated by militarization and industrialization.""Luoyang experienced two significant expansions over a period of approximately 50 years between the 1910s and 1960s,first driven by militarization and then by industrialization."This growth strategy involved constructing new areas adjacent to the existing city,resulting in a blend of three distinct urban forms-traditional,military,and industrial-that correspond to the Laocheng,Xigong,and Jianxi areas.These three remain the fundamental components of contemporary Luoyang.Laocheng(old city)is Qing Luoyang City,with a long history that dates back approximately 700 years.The city's traditional urban layout was designed to adhere to historical rituals,with the city wall and moat serving as prominent features that separated the inner and outer areas.The inner area was heavily influenced by historical traces and featured two main roads that connected the west-east and south-north,following the spatial structure of Sui and Tang Luoyang city.The development of the outer city gate areas varied due to geographical factors and preference of southward,resulting in the south and east gate areas being well-developed while the north and west lagged.Overall,the old city displays a trend of being"dense in the south and sparse in the north".During the Republic of China era,the warlords chose Luoyang as a crucial location to establish military camps.These camps served as a crucial defense knot to guard the arteries of east-west transport.In 1914,the construction of Xigong barracks commenced under President Yuan Shih-k'ai.Due to space constraints within Laocheng,this large-scale project was situated 2.5 km away in the west.Under the organized military structure,the barracks present grid layout.Later,another warlord named Wu P'ei-fu occupied Luoyang and expanded the Xigong as a regional political and military center.As the development continued,the first airport in Henan Province,new roads,and public utilities were built in Xigong,laying a solid foundation for future growth.In 1932,in a bid to avoid the turmoil caused by the Japanese in Shanghai,the government of the Republic of China relocated to Luoyang temporarily designating it as the second capital of China.This marked the pinnacle of Luoyang's modern political sphere and saw Xigong evolve from a mere barracks to a national military and administrative center.Following the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949,Chinese society underwent a radical transformation.In the early period of the new country,Luoyang was selected as one of the eight cities for prioritized planning and construction.With the assistance of Soviet and Chinese experts,a new industrial district was planned in the west of Xigong area to facilitate heavy industry projects.However,unlike the previous era,Jianxi,the new urban area,followed the linear city concept,an ideal urban layout for a socialist city.In this new district,the modern settlement replaced the traditional courtyard housing,a new road network that met modern city standards.Additionally,the new urban morphology also evoked a new way of life and transformed social-spatial relations.The analysis of these three different urban forms reveals the transitional process in the first half of the 20th Century.This transition was a direct result of the changing political and economic landscape of the state.During the Qing dynasty,the country was primarily agrarian,and an emphasis on agriculture hindered industrial and business growth,which ultimately limited urban development.Although there were some achievements in urban fields during the Republic of China period,the discrepancy between Xigong and Laocheng presents an imbalance within the city.This situation changed after the new People's Republic.The socialist industrialization gave a new mission for the city,and Jianxi,the latest urban area,established a replicable model for the city.Since the 1960s,Xigong and Laocheng have gradually changed and joined the frame of the modern Luoyang.The discourse above highlights the transformation of Luoyang from a traditional state to a modern city layout.This modernization process not only characterizes contemporary Luoyang but also as a projector of modern China's shift from an agrarian to an industrial nation at a rapid pace.Thus,Luoyang has the potential to serve as an exemplar of Chinese-style urbanization,and further discourse can enable us to appreciate its morphological transition and foster a fresh perspective on today's Chinese cities.
Luoyangurban morphologyurban transformationLuoyang model
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据
