Research on ecological-cultural coupling evaluation and optimization strategy of urban ecological parks:A case study of Yubei District,Chongqing
Urban ecological park is a special constituent of Chongqing urban green space system,which not only has important natural ecological functions,but also has the cultural functions of ordinary parks for leisure and recreation,which has an important impact on urban ecological environmental protection and the improvement of citizens'quality of leisure life.However,from the current situation of construction,the effect of its ecological and cultural benefits is not ideal.Therefore,with the help of sample method,interview method,observation and recording method and other research methods,it conducted an overall research on typical urban ecological parks in Yubei District,constructed a coupled evaluation system of ecological and cultural functions of urban ecological parks from the perspective of ecosystem services,and obtained the characteristics of Chongqing's urban ecological parks and construction problems through the evaluation of their core functions.On this basis,further urban eco-park design thinking based on the optimization of ecological-cultural functions is proposed.The results are as follows.(1)The ecological-cultural function coupling evaluation system of urban ecological parks:integrating the concept of ecosystem service,combining the function,value,park scale and research data of urban ecological parks,selecting the index factors that can be evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively from landscape elements,and initially constructing the ecological-cultural coupling evaluation index system of urban ecological parks.In this system,the ecological function corresponds to regulating service and supporting service,which is reflected in climate regulation,water purification,urban biodiversity protection(mainly plant diversity),etc.;the cultural function corresponds to cultural service,which is reflected in recreation,education and scientific research,and accessibility.(2)Characteristics of Chongqing's urban ecological parks:the parks are irregularly shaped and highly complex.Among the researched parks,there are 4 parks with Landscape Shape Index(LSI)of 1.22-1.50,accounting for 33.33%,4 parks with LSI of 1.50-2.00,accounting for 33.33%,and 4 parks with LSI of more than 2.00,accounting for 33.33%,which suggests that the shape of the Chongqing urban eco-parks is highly irregular,and that there is a complex and long interface with the urban environment.Habitat types are more diverse.66.67%of all parks have a medium or high diversity of habitat types.Green ecological background is good.The total vegetation cover score rating of medium or higher accounts for 83.33%of the parks,and the vegetation cover is generally high.(3)Problems of Chongqing's urban ecological park construction:poor accessibility.Walking accessibility is poor in most parks,with 75.00%of parks requiring residents to walk for more than 15 min.The long-term development of plant communities is not fully considered.The Pielou evenness index of plant communities in the parks does not differ much(0.71～0.88),but the Margalef species richness index(0.83～6.18)and the Shannon-Wienner Shannon-Wienner diversity index(0.59～2.68)fluctuate a lot,and the complexity of the structure of the plant communities is both high and low.Open space and service facilities are not perfect.For open space,the lack of children's recreation and sports and fitness space is more serious in some parks,accounting for 50.00%of the study parks;for service facilities,all parks lack safety and security facilities,which seriously affects the score of C11 of the richness of the service facilities,in addition to the lack of recreational facilities is also more serious(accounting for 58.33%).The awareness of science and education is weak,and the places and facilities of science and education space are seriously insufficient.(4)Optimization design thinking of Chongqing ecological parks based on the coupled evaluation results:based on the characteristics found in the research and the problems derived from the evaluation,the optimization design thinking of park boundary design,plant configuration and habitat creation,enrichment of open space and facilities,stimulation of the activities of different open spaces and forms,enhancement of the science education ability,and optimization of accessibility are targeted.Taking the perspective of ecosystem services as an entry point,the construction of a coupled ecological-cultural evaluation system for urban ecological parks is a useful exploration of the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the functioning of urban ecological parks.The results of the study can provide a reference basis for future planning and design of urban ecological parks in mountainous cities,and improve the theory of green space types with special attributes whose land use nature is regional green space in mountainous urban green space systems.
urban green space systemurban ecological parkecosystem serviceecological-cultural coupling evaluation systemYubei District,Chongqing
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