摘要
系统梳理国内外主要核心文献发现,住房分异研究已形成测度指标及方法、解释分异的理论流派、实证研究和后果效应等系列成果.既有研究侧重城市住房,较少有系统地针对农村和非正规住房的分异研究;既有理论解释均假定住房通过市场交易或福利分配间接获取,并重点从行为主体在劳动力市场的位置及其所孕育的社会经济特征来解释住房分异,忽视了自建自住的住房及其所在的政策制度、经济社会和城镇化发展等外部环境的影响;研究范式多利用国家或典型城市的截面数据量化分析,缺乏过程式、案例式、多层次、多方法的混合研究;研究学科上以社会学为主,缺多学科交叉研究;分异结果研究侧重其对行为主体及家庭的社会地位、经济财富影响,缺乏对国家或城市经济社会影响的研究.最后,从研究的住房类型、理论视角、研究学科、研究方法与范式、研究层次、研究内容等方面提出展望.
Abstract
Housing differentiation is one of the important contents of housing-related research at home and abroad,but there are few systematic summaries of the achievements of housing differentiation.This paper systematically sorts out the main core literature at home and abroad,and finds that the research on housing differentiation has formed a series of achievements,such as measurement indicators and methods,theoretical schools of explanation of differentiation,empirical research and consequences.The existing researches focus on urban housing,and there are few systematic studies on rural and informal housing differentiation.The existing theoretical explanations include market transformation perspective,family behavior perspective,cultural value perspective,geospatial perspective,etc.The above theoretical perspectives assume that housing is obtained indirectly through market transactions or welfare distribution,and focus on explaining housing differentiation from the position of the behavior subject in the labor market and the socioeconomic characteristics it breeds,ignoring the influence of self-built and self-occupied housing and its policy system,economic society and urbanization development.The empirical researches on housing differentiation mainly focus on the characteristics of urban residents'housing differentiation and the theoretical test of differentiation.The research paradigm mostly uses national or typical city cross-section data for quantitative analysis,lacking process-based,case-based,multi-level,multi-method,and multi-type data mixed research.The research discipline is mainly sociology,lacking interdisciplinary research.The research on the results of housing differentiation focuses on the impact of the social status and economic wealth of the subjects and families,but lacks the research on the impact of the country or city's economic society.Finally,the following research prospects are proposed:the types of housing should pay attention to the research of rural,informal housing,and construct an appropriate measurement index system;in the theoretical perspective,not only the impact of individual economic and social characteristics on housing differentiation,but also the impact of the economic and social development characteristics of the subjects or the environment in which the housing is located and the governance scenario;in the research discipline,the research should integrate urban planning,geospatial,political economy,and public policy and management,and conduct a systematic multidisciplinary research,so as to better and more comprehensively understand the law of housing development;in the research methods and paradigms,a mixture of quantitative and qualitative research should be adopted,and the process research of housing differentiation should be paid attention to,and the time-depth research should be enhanced.It is necessary to not only describe the specific evolution characteristics of the differentiation in the process of housing development,but also explain the causes of the process of housing differentiation,the practices of the subjects,and the motivations driving these practices.In the research level,the appropriate spatial unit level should be selected for longitudinal and horizontal composite comparative research.In terms of research content,not only the ontological research of housing differentiation status,differentiation changes,formation mechanism should be focused,but also the spillover effect research of housing differentiation should be strengthened,and the significance of housing differentiation research should be expanded and the deeper development theory should be explored.
维普
万方数据