Directions,indices and trends of the research on the built environment evaluation of rail transit station areas
During the rapid development stage of urban rail transit,new traffic and lifestyle changes induced by rail transit generally exhibit various degrees and forms of contradictions with the traditional built environment.Integrating and reconstructing the relationship between rail transit stations and urban areas has become a focal area for future urban renewal research and practice.Evaluating the built environment is a prerequisite for urban renewal around rail transit stations.In the context of new practices and technologies,summarizing the progress and trends in this field is of guiding significance.Peter Calthorpe's Transit-Oriented Development(TOD)theory established an initial framework for the study of the built environment around rail transit stations.Over the subsequent two to three decades,TOD theory experienced spread and development from North America to the global stage and was subjected to practical tests.The 3D and 5D frameworks proposed by scholars like Robert Cervero have gained widespread recognition within the academic community,serving as important references for evaluating the built environment around rail transit stations.With the popularization and development of TOD projects,evaluation models for the development status of rail transit station areas have gradually been established.The Node-Place(NP)model,TOD Index,and TOD Standards are among the three representative models.Research on evaluating the built environment around rail transit stations can be divided into two main directions:environmental behavior research with the built environment as a variable,and evaluation research using it as an(agent)indicator.Using literature from 2016 to the present,both domestic and international,recent research progress has been made in both directions.Environmental behavior research focusing on the built environment as a variable has mainly shifted towards studies on the correlation between diverse factors and rail passenger flow that emphasize mechanisms of difference,as well as detailed studies on the relationship between the built environment and walking activities from a micro perspective.The main progress in evaluation research of the station area built environment as an indicator is reflected in three directions:evaluating station-city relationships based on model optimization,focusing on specificity and perception in walkability evaluations,and multidimensional evaluation studies aimed at future development themes.In the research of evaluating the built environment around rail transit stations,constructing an indicator system is the foundation for empirical research.The selection and trends of indicators can reflect the developmental characteristics of cities in specific historical periods.Through a review of principal literature from the 1990s to today,the evolution process of evaluation indicators for the built environment around rail transit stations has gone through four stages.In the initial framework establishment stage of evaluation indicators from 1990 to 1999,North American and European scholars established 3D models and NP models,providing fundamental frameworks for evaluating the built environment around rail transit stations.From 2000 to 2007,during the expansion and systematization stage of indicators based on TOD practices,evaluation tools represented by TOD guidelines and TOD indices were closely related to TOD practices.Since 2018,in the stage of cross integration of indicator systems for stock updates,in order to meet the requirements of accurately identifying the development issues of station city integration,there has been a trend of further cross,complementary,and integrated evaluation indicator systems for station area built environment,manifested by an increase in internal dimensions of the evaluation model and a more refined indicator system.Three main trends emerge in the research of evaluating the built environment around rail transit stations.First,there is a diversified expansion in perspectives of cognition and evaluation.With the development of technology for sensing human activities,in-depth understanding of the regular patterns of general walking activities directed by spatial usage scenarios has become a new research hotspot.The perspective of evaluation has also become increasingly diversified,forming new concepts such as Green TOD and Smart TOD,as well as new trends like social equity,livability,and safety resilience.Second,the human-oriented and adaptability of evaluation indicators,in the context of high-quality development and stock updates,close-to-human scale micro-environmental elements related to urban spatial quality are receiving more attention.At the same time,they should possess stronger adaptability,not only to reflect the differences in various evaluation perspectives but also to consider the specificities of different countries and regions,and different types of evaluation subjects.Third,the interdisciplinary crossing and integration of evaluation methods,recent research outcomes stem from multidisciplinary associative studies and are increasingly integrating with emerging disciplines such as information science and artificial intelligence.One impact of disciplinary intersection is the integration of evaluation methods,gradually transitioning from a single method to a comprehensive application of quantitative,qualitative,simulation,prediction,and other methods.
built environmentrail transit station areaevaluation modelindex dystemresearch trend
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