Research on the influence of military construction in the Ming Dynasty on the distribution characteristics of villages in Southeast Guizhou
Traditional villages are not only important material elements of human settlements,but also important carriers of culture and history.Nowadays,traditional villages are dying out in the modern environment,which makes the protection,inheritance and rational use of traditional villages imminent.From 2012 to 2019,the Ministry of Housing and Urban Rural Development,the Ministry of Culture,the Ministry of Finance and other departments published a total of five batches of traditional villages list,a total of 6 799 traditional villages in the country,including 409 in Southeast Guizhou,ranking first among the prefecture level administrative regions in the country.On June 1st,2020,the central government launched the work of protecting and utilizing traditional villages in 10 areas where traditional villages are concentrated,with prefecture level cities as the unit.Southeast Guizhou Prefecture is one of them,which means that the history and culture of traditional villages in Southeast Guizhou need to be more systematically integrated.The establishment of Guizhou Province originates from the military history of the Ming Dynasty.Southeast Guizhou is the starting area of the military post road of the Ming Dynasty,which is of great strategic significance.Therefore,the military construction has a far-reaching impact on this region.Many studies mentioned the dominant position of military factors in the Ming Dynasty in the formation of traditional villages in Southeast Guizhou,especially the important influence of the development of"one route"post roads,but did not explore.This paper takes 409 traditional villages in Southeast Guizhou as the research object,uses ArcGIS to visualize geospatial data and construct quantitative data,and uses GeoDetector to deeply quantify the explanatory power of various influencing factors.This paper studies the distribution characteristics of villages and military construction factors from the perspective of time and space evolution,and uses qualitative analysis to assist quantitative analysis,focusing on the changes in the Ming Dynasty.Finally,the influence of Han culture and the overall impact mechanism are discussed to expand the potential influence and law of military construction.The results show that:1)the traditional villages in Southeast Guizhou are mainly ethnic minorities,gathered in many centers,and the situation of the Ming Dynasty is very similar to the whole.The overall location of the village is close to rivers and mountains.In the Ming Dynasty,the village gathering point turned to high-altitude areas,which is further away from the river.The main gathering trunk stream is the Qingshui River.2)The number of traditional villages has a negative correlation with the distance from military towns,which became more obvious after the Ming Dynasty.Therefore,the location of traditional villages moved towards high-altitude mountains that are farther away from military towns and rivers and more defensive,resulting in the formation of several high-altitude gathering areas.Due to the military and economic attributes of the post road,the traditional villages and military post roads kept a certain distance from each other.This situation became more obvious after the Ming Dynasty.Qingshui River,as the main stream of two post roads at a certain distance,has become the most gathering place of traditional villages.The post roads in the Ming Dynasty brought more people to move in,which made the ethnic groups richer.GeoDetector detected that the explanatory power of military construction factors was greater than that of natural site selection factors,and the military post road in the Ming Dynasty had the largest explanatory power.3)The Han culture sprouted the Han settlement,and promoted the basic situation of"large mixed settlements and small settlements"in Southeast Guizhou villages in the Ming Dynasty.4)The military construction in the Ming Dynasty created the city,traffic and cultural pattern of Southeast Guizhou from the aspects of physical geography,socio-economic and historical culture,and then determined the distribution pattern development of villages in Southeast Guizhou.From the perspective of military construction,this paper considers the distribution characteristics and reasons of traditional villages in Southeast Guizhou in the Ming Dynasty,and uses GeoDetector to quantify the explanatory power of historical and cultural factors such as military construction,which is conducive to tracing the origin of traditional villages scientifically,and provides the foundation for further study of micro military settlement layout,architectural space,and defensive characteristics.This quantitative method does not reveal the interaction of external factors and the autocorrelation of traditional villages.Therefore,these two parts will be further studied in the future and go deep into the micro field.Finally,based on the development and utilization of traditional villages,this study is expected to help improve the cultural system of"ancient Miao corridor"in Guizhou,provide a more systematic reference for the centralized protection and utilization of traditional villages in Guizhou,integrate tourism resources,and build a military historical and cultural corridor in Guizhou.
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