弗兰西斯·培根的历史理论及其历史写作
Francis Bacon's Theory of History and Writing of History
徐波1
作者信息
- 1. 四川大学 历史文化学院,四川 成都 610064
- 折叠
摘要
近代早期英国著名思想家弗兰西斯·培根曾提出一个宏大的复兴科学计划.他的计划主要围绕两个中心主题,一个是对自然的认识,另一个是对人自身的认识.培根认为自然科学应该以自然史为基础,而人的科学则应该以人类历史为基础.因此,作为文艺复兴时代之子,培根的历史理论在很大程度上与16世纪人文主义者关于历史艺术的论述相仿;作为欧洲近代学术的奠基人,他提出了研究自然和人的崭新方法,如强调历史知识的基础性作用,将自然史与人类史等量齐观,赋予学术史在历史知识分类体系中的独立地位.同时,在倡导写作连贯的英国民族史过程中,他自己撰写了一部杰出的人文主义风格的历史著作.因此,培根的学术贡献主要表现在两个方面,一个是历史理论,另一个是具体的历史写作.
Abstract
In this paper Francis Bacon's historical theory and writing practice are discussed. In his historical theory, since human history is at the bottom of the pyramid of knowledge, natural history is the base of natural science. Whatever holds for the writer of natural history will naturally hold for the writer of human history. Therefore, in principle there exists no difference between the enquiry into nature and that into men. To such an extent, coincide empiricism in philosophy, naturalism in ethics, realism in politics, and pragmaticism in history. For the most part, Bacon echoes the discourse of the art of history common to many sixteenth-century humanists, but also differs from them in viewing history as the foundation of human philosophy, thus giving the history of learning a place of their own in the scheme of historical knowledge. In calling for a new and better national history, Bacon wrote a brilliant history in the humanist style. His narrative dominated interpretations of the reign of Henry VII for nearly three hundred years. Undoubtedly, this English master made great contributions to both the theory of history and the writing of history.
关键词
弗兰西斯·培根/历史理论/历史写作Key words
Francis Bacon/theory of history/writing of history引用本文复制引用
出版年
2018
NETL
NSTL
维普
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