After the Pharaonic period,the Macedonians conquered Egypt and established the Ptolemaic dy-nasty.As foreign rulers,in order to obtain recognition from the native Egyptians and thereby maintain their rule,they actively constructed an orthodox Egyptian royal image on a tangible level by emulating the appear-ance and royal names of native pharaohs from previous dynasties and adopting traditional symbols of Egyptian kingship.At the same time,the Ptolemaic rulers demonstrated a reverent attitude towards native Egyptian religion and civilization.By deifying themselves,emphasizing the continuation of a divine lineage,and re-storing national order and religious activities,they endeavored to portray themselves as legitimate Egyptian pharaohs on the religious and ceremonial levels.In practical terms,the Ptolemaic rulers consistently empha-sized their identity as Greek monarchs,whereas the pharaonic identity was utilized solely as a propagandistic instrument for maintaining control.Given the presence of economic,social class,and ethnic conflicts,Egyptian subjects demonstrated only limited acceptance of the foreign pharaonic identity.Under the circum-stances of conquest,achieving complete mutual recognition between different civilizations proved to be par-ticularly challenging.
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