In the context of achieving"carbon peaking and carbon neutrality",the low-carbon transformation of the energy system is the development direction in the future.Hydrogen,known for its high calorific value and low pollution,has received extensive attention in recent years.Based on the carbon emission flow theory,a bi-level optimization operation model of multi-integrated energy system with hydrogen(H2-IES)is proposed considering dynamic carbon emission factors.At the upper level,an economic dispatch model is established by the main energy grid based on the principle of optimal benefit,and the energy prices and carbon emission factors of each park are determined and distributed to the lower level.At the lower level,a multi-park low-carbon cooperative operation model is established based on the Nash negotiation theory,and the adaptive alternating direction method of multipliers(A-ADMM)is used for distributed solution to determine the energy demand of each park and provide feedback to the upper level.The coordinated operation of both levels is realized in multiple iterative interactions.To equitably distribute the benefits of cooperation,a revenue distribution method based on comprehensive bargaining power is proposed.The analysis of a case study shows that the bi-level optimization method proposed in this paper can realize the coordinated operation between the upper and lower levels,and take into account the low-carbon and economical properties of multi-parks operation.Because the income is reasonably distributed,the enthusiasm of parks to participate in cooperation can be guaranteed.
integrated energy system with hydrogen(H2-IES)dynamic carbon emission factorscompre-hensive bargaining powerelectricity-hydrogen tradingadaptive alternating direction method of multipli-ers(A-ADMM)
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