From"East-West Opposition"to"Distinction Between Inner and Outer":The Evolution of the Political Geography Structure of the Western Han Dynasty——A Perspective Based on the Ranking of Commandery-Level Administrative Units in the"Statutes and Ordinances of t
From"East-West Opposition"to"Distinction Between Inner and Outer":The Evolution of the Political Geography Structure of the Western Han Dynasty——A Perspective Based on the Ranking of Commandery-Level Administrative Units in the"Statutes and Ordinances of t
In the Zhangjiashan Han bamboo slips"Statutes and Ordinances of the Second Year-Statutes on Ranks",the ranking of commandery-level administrative units reveals a two-layered political geographic system during the Han dynasty,with"commanderies within the Passes"and"commanderies outside the Passes",extending from west to east in sequence.This political geographic structure,established in response to the feudal states in the east,manifested itself as an"East-West opposition".During the reign of Emperor Wu of Han in the Yuanfeng era,a significant transformation occurred in the political geographic structure of the Han dynasty,dividing the Han commandery system into border commanderies and inner commanderies.In addition,the status of Hongnong commandery and the Sanhe commanderies was elevated within the inner commanderies,bearing features of a"quasi-Capital Area".As a result,the Han state's political geography was characterized by a three-layered structure:at its core were the Sanfu,Hongnong,and Sanhe commanderies,which were then surrounded by inner commanderies,and further encircled by border commanderies.After the feudal states were incorporated into the Han Dynasty's geopolitical system,their political status became similar to that of the inner commanderies.Although the ranking of commandery-level administrative units in the"Administrative Geography of the Book of Han"presents a political-geographic structure of"Capital Area-inner commanderies-border commanderies",it,however,places the feudal states after the border commanderies.Meanwhile,this arrangement emphasizes the special status of the commanderies within the Passes,diverging from the actual structure of the political geography at the end of the Western Han.This reflects how the early Han political ideologies of"using the Guanzhong to keep the guanwai in check"and"enfeoffment on states as a barrier"continued to play a role in shaping the political geography during this period.
关键词
政治地理/国家政治地理结构/《二年律令·秩律》/《汉书·地理志》/郡级政区排序
Key words
Political Geography/State Political Geography Structure/Statutes and Ordinances of the Second Year-Statutes on Ranks/Administrative Geography of the Book of Han/Ranking of Commandery-Level Administrative Units
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