Research on the Willingness of Childbearing Age Groups to Have Multiple Children Under the Framework of Material and Concepts——An Experimental Conjoint Analysis Based on CGSS2021
At present,China has entered into a phase of low fertility rates.Investigating the genuine influencing factors on the fertility intentions of childbearing-age individuals and implementing corresponding policies to unlock the potential for higher-order childbearing is a crucial measure to address population-related challenges.Utilizing data from survey experiment of the 2021 China General Social Survey,this study examines the impact of both material conditions and ideational factors on the fertility intentions of having multiple children.The study finds that residents generally hold a somewhat open attitude toward having a second child,but exhibit a more negative inclination towards having a third child.On the material dimension,factors such as household income,parental care support,and the availability of high-quality child-rearing services can enhance the willingness to have multiple children.On the ideational front,gender preferences no longer significantly affect fertility intentions,but traditional gender role perceptions still exert a positive influence,and they also have a positive moderating effect on household income.Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the urban-rural divide in material conditions is smaller than that of gender,reflecting a shifting urban-rural dualistic fertility pattern,with economic utility for having a second child being greater in urban areas than in rural areas.Parental provision of intergenerational care is associated with an increased willingness among women to have a second child.When economic capacity permits,men express a higher desire for the birth of a third child compared to women.The research findings suggest that fertility policies should focus on the potential for second-child fertility,promote supportive family-oriented reproductive policies,establish a child-friendly society,and develop a comprehensive system of reproductive support as the primary direction to break out of the low fertility trap.
Material and ConceptThe Willingness to Have More ChildrenBirth PolicySurvey Experiment
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