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孙中山国族思想对西方民族主义的借鉴与升华

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民族主义是孙中山"三民主义"的重要内容,缘起于反清革命,早期曾受到19世纪欧美流行的"种族主义"影响.随着中山先生中国革命实践的深化,他对民族主义的内容不断修正,最终扬弃了西方殖民主义和社会达尔文主义因素,将其升华为用以统合中华民族全体同胞的国族思想来建设现代中国.因开展反清革命宣传时曾借用欧美的话语、观念和理论,中山先生的国族思想至今仍被一些学者批评为"带有浓厚的种族主义色彩".近年来,随着中国发展壮大,一些别有用心者更将其刻意曲解,企图通过抨击孙中山的民族主义和国族观念来解构"中华民族"和中国革命,进而"把中国去中心化".因此,有必要依据新老史料正本清源,研讨孙中山反清革命时借用欧美理论和话语的动机与方式,以及他在后来的反殖民主义和反帝国主义斗争中通过建构"三民主义"国族思想对西方民族主义和种族主义形成的批判与升华.
The Transcendence of Sun Yat-sen's Chinese Nationalism from Its Western Counterparts
Chinese Nationalism is the essential part of Dr.Sun Yat-sen's"Three People's Principles".It originated from the anti-Qing revolution and was the result of the influence from the"racism"prevalent in Europe and America in the 19th century.As Dr.Sun deepening his practice of the Chinese revolution,he continued to revise the purpose and content of Chinese Nationalism,and finally abandoned the elements of Western colonialism and Social Darwinism,sublimating it into a national ideology that could unify all compatriots of the Chinese nation in building a modern China.Because he had borrowed the European and American discourses,concepts and theories when carrying out anti-Qing revolutionary propaganda,Dr.Sun's Chinese nationalism is criticized by certain scholars as"strongly racist".Recently,in order to"De-centering China,"some people have deliberately misinterpreted Sun's thoughts,trying to deconstruct his theory on"Chinese nation"and Chinese revolution by attacking his idea of"Guo Zu".Therefore,by referring to the old and new historical materials,it is necessary to probe Dr.Sun's motivations and methods of borrowing Western theories and discourses during the Republican revolution,as well as how he transcended the Western racism and nationalism into Chinese nationalism through the construction of the"Three People's Principles"in his subsequent fight with the colonialism and imperialism.

Sun Yat-senChinese NationalismWestern NationalismColonialism

恽文捷

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深圳大学中国经济特区研究中心

孙中山 国族思想 民族主义 殖民主义

2024

社会科学
上海社会科学院

社会科学

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:1.04
ISSN:0257-5833
年,卷(期):2024.(2)
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