Environmental Inequality among Firms:Measurement and Decomposition
Environmental governance needs to focus on the allocation of emission quotas among firms,but existing research lacks attention to environmental inequality among firms.Therefore,this paper measures and decomposes environmental inequality among firms.Using data matching from China Industry Business Performance Database and China Industrial Enterprise Pollution Database,we mainly use Gini coefficient to measure the degree of environmental inequality among firms,and conduct regression-based Shapley value decomposition of inequality to investigate the sources of environmental inequality among firms.We find that the inequality in pollution emissions among firms is severe,which mainly exists among different firms within the same city,secondary to that among different cities;The degree of environmental inequality among firms remains high over time,with higher levels in the central and western regions,light polluting industries,and private enterprises;The main factors causing environmental inequality among firms are the amount of energy and resources used by firms,firm fixed effect,and firm scale.Further mechanism analysis reveals that the environmental consequence of energy is more influenced by the intensity of firm resources,rather than the type of industry which is"pre-endowed";The lower pollution intensity of large firms compared with small firms is due to the scale discrimination of"Grasping the Large and Letting Go of the Small",rather than endowment differences.Based on the above conclusions,this paper proposes a series of policy recommendations:paying attention to the fairness of pollution distribution among firms,promoting emission reduction through energy conservation,and"Grasping the Large but not Letting Go of the Small".
Environmental InequalityEnvironmental PollutionGini CoefficientSharpley Value DecompositionFirm
万方数据
维普
