Warlords,Provincial Governor,and Gentry Merchants:The Process of Establishing Shanghai Municipality under the Multifaceted Interaction of Han Guo-jun and Various Parties
As the first municipality directly under the central government in modern China,Shanghai's municipality was exceptionally complex in its establishment.This process was intricately connected not only with foreign municipal models and local autonomy movements but also with the political turmoil among warlords in the Jiangsu-Zhejiang area during the 1920s and the attitudes of the Jiangsu provincial government and the central government.Despite several setbacks in the late Qing and early Republican periods,the enthusiasm of Shanghai residents for self-governance never waned,demonstrating that the establishment of the municipality aligned with the inherent needs of China's urban modernization.Han Guo-jun,who served two terms as the highest official of Jiangsu Province,played a pivotal role during critical moments in transforming Shanghai from a traditional county to a modern municipality.At the end of January 1925,to prevent Shanghai from becoming a battlefield for warlords once again and to save the people of Jiangsu,Zhejiang,and Shanghai from the ravages of war,Han Guo-jun,following the intentions of Duan Qi-rui's central government,guided Li Ping-shu and others in establishing the"Special Municipality of Songhu",proposing a plan to manage Shanghai with modern municipal institutions.The first meeting of the Preparatory Committee for the Shanghai Special Municipality was held on February 1,1925,at the Shanghai City Office,where Li Ping-shu was unanimously elected as chairman,and the organization and boundaries of the special municipality were discussed.During the National Revolutionary period,the revolutionary progressive forces led by the Communist Party of China carried on the spirit of autonomy,advocating for the establishment of an elected municipal government and making significant sacrifices,thereby contributing immensely to the establishment of Shanghai Municipality.This historical achievement must not be overlooked.
ShanghaiHan Guo-junNantao and ChapeiSpecial Municipality of Songhuthe Jiangsu-Zhejiang War
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