摘要
母职惩罚的存在降低了职场女性的生育意愿,在当前低生育率背景下是尤为值得关注的重要社会性议题.以职业中断为母职惩罚的衡量指标,利用上海问卷调查数据对母职惩罚影响因素进行的考察发现:能否逃脱母职惩罚主要与女性在哪里工作及其收入水平有关.具体而言,就职于公共部门、家庭收入水平较高的女性,遭受母职惩罚的风险会显著降低.不同代际的回归结果表明,青年一代可能遭受了更大程度的就业歧视,从而导致其遭受母职惩罚的概率增加.进一步分析的结果表明,高教育程度的女性就职于公共部门的可能性更大,家庭收入水平也较高,从而遭受职业中断的风险降低,说明中国存在一定程度的高等教育溢价;高收入的家庭能够为女性提供更好的育儿支持,进而缓解母职惩罚带来的负面影响.
Abstract
The existence of motherhood penalty has reduced the willingness of women in the workplace to have children,which is a particularly important social issue that deserves attention in the current context of low birth rates.Using data samples obtained from a questionnaire survey conducted independently by our research group in Shanghai,we empirically examined the influencing factors of motherhood penalty.Research has found that the ability to escape motherhood penalty is mainly related to where women work and their income level.Women who work in the public sector and have higher family income levels have a significantly lower risk of experiencing motherhood penalty.The regression results of different generations indicate that the younger generation may have suffered greater employment discrimination,leading to an increased probability of being punished by motherhood.Further analysis shows that highly educated women are more likely to work in the public sector and have higher household income levels,thereby reducing the risk of career interruption.This indicates that there is a certain degree of premium in higher education in China;High income families can provide better parenting support for women,thereby alleviating the negative impact of motherhood penalty.The research in this article has important enlightening significance and value for alleviating motherhood penalty and building a fertility friendly society.
维普
万方数据