The legal order of foreign activities in Qing Dynasty is a complete and tight-knit legal framework including the Collected Statutes in the Qing Dynasty and its statutes,the statutes of each administrative organs such as Libu and Lifanyuan and the Qing Code.In all the laws and regulations,the Collected Statutes in the Qing Dynasty are the most principled and overarching legal norms that constituted the legal order of foreign activities in the Qing Dynasty;the statutes of each administrative organs are equivalent to the implementing rules for the Collected Statutes in the Qing Dynasty;the Qing Code focuses on the economic sphere,and presents as the criminal law and domestic law.These legal norms essentially construct an architecture of international interaction with different ranks.At the rites level,which is emphasized by the Collected Statutes in Qing Dynasty and the statutes of each administrative organs,the Qing Dynasty still keeps the pride of the"Celestial Empire"and the pioneering ambitions,and even regards the mutual markets of the western countries and China as a kind of tribute behavior.However,at the Qing Code level,the Qing Dynasty maintains a considerable degree of self-control and contraction,apparently mindful of the boundaries of its rule.The Qing Dynasty separates all the foreign countries into four types,which includes the dependent feudatory such as Korea,the vassal states such as Kazak,the countries who have the mutual trade with China,such as the West and the countries who has signed the treaties with China,such as Tsarist Russia.Directed at these foreign countries,the Qing Dynasty has applied four different modes and norms of interaction,which presents the pluralistic character of the legal order of foreign activities in the Qing Dynasty.
关键词
对外法律秩序/法规范/大清会典/礼部则例/大清律例
Key words
The Legal Order of Foreign Activities/Legal Norms/Collected Statutes in the Qing Dynasty/Statutes of Libu/the Qing Code
维普
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