罗尔斯对功利主义的三重批判
Rawls'Triple Criticism towards Utilitarianism
王立1
作者信息
摘要
在正义理论中,为了证成"公平的正义",罗尔斯自始至终都把功利主义作为主要的理论对手和批判对象.罗尔斯创造性地将功利主义分为古典功利主义、平均功利主义和有限功利主义三种不同的表现形式,并与两个正义原则相对照,通过展现"公平的正义"所具有的理论优势,完成对功利主义的全面批判.罗尔斯对三种不同形式的功利主义批判的理论力量逐渐减弱,尤其是有限功利主义对"公平的正义"构成了难以消解的理论压力."公平的正义"要想完全取代功利主义,必须寻求更加充分的理由.
Abstract
In Rawls'theory of justice,Rawls has always taken utilitarianism as major rivalry and target of criticism in or-der to justify justice as fairness.Creatively,Rawls categorized utilitarianism into three forms:classic utilitarianism,average utilitarianism and restricted utilitarianism.Comparison between these forms of utilitarianism and two prin-ciples of justice can show advantages of justice as fairness,thus criticize utilitarianism comprehensively.The theo-retical power of Rawls'criticism towards these three forms of utilitarianism is diminishing,especially,limited utili-tarianism constitutes an unignorable challenge to justice as fairness.Utilitarianism will not simply fade away,but en-ter the arena in new forms.In order to replace utilitarianism thoroughly,Rawls must provide more sufficient reasons.
关键词
公平的正义/古典功利主义/平均功利主义/有限功利主义引用本文复制引用
基金项目
中国人民大学中央高校建设世界一流大学(学科)特色发展引导专项资金项目()
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
维普
万方数据