The Moral Framework of Ren(Benevolence),Yi(Righteousness),and Li(Ritual)and Its Practical Limitations:An Examination of the Sociology of Knowledge
Ren(benevolence),yi(righteousness),and li(ritual)are a theory of moral practice that Confucius constructed by inheriting the concepts of virtue from his predecessors.From the sociology of knowledge,this paper points out that the key to whether or not this theory can be put into practice lies in whether or not the"yi"in it has been activated.For actors,once"yi"is activated,"ren"and"li"can be transformed into action,and a distinction can be made between gentleman and villain.By citing everyday examples,this paper points out that this moral practice is actually a mode of"reward"that goes beyond benefits,and it can be called"moral exchange theory"in sociology to differentiate it from other kinds of exchange theory in economics or sociology.When such moral practice meets social reality,its limitation is that it tends to operate in the primary group or the scholarly class and is constantly challenged by other theories or real interests.
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