论我国未生效商事条约的法律适用
The Application of Chinese Non-effective Commercial Treaties
吴永辉1
作者信息
摘要
未生效商事条约的法律适用不仅可以增强准据法的灵活选择与商事裁决的可执行性,还可以进一步扩展条约适用范围并不断促进国际商事规范的统一.而我国《民法通则》第 142 条失效后,未生效商事条约得以"国际贸易惯例"适用的唯一表征性条款也失去了法律依据.为完善私法性条约的国内法律适用理据,并建立国内法与涉外法多元统一的私法条约适用模式,我国一方面应确立依职权适用未生效条约的准据法调适制度,强化替代性商事条约的补充适用功能;另一方面,我国还应结合《民法典合同编司法解释》对"交易习惯"的最新识别与认定,准确理解《民法典》第 10 条"习惯法"的含义,在法律渊源体系中确立国际通用未生效商事条约的"习惯法"地位,为司法机关扩大适用未生效商事条约提供权威的正式法律依据.
Abstract
The application of the non-effective treaty by the international commercial court can not only enhance the flexibility of choice of proper law and the feasibility of enforcement of commercial awards,but also further extend the scope of application of treaties and continuously promote the unification of the commercial norms.However,since the invalidation of Article 142 of the General Principles of Civil Law,the only representative provision under which the non-effective treaty is applicable as"international trade customs"is also lost its legal ground.In order to improve the theoretical foundation of the application of private-law treaty to national law,and to establish the private-law treaty application mode of unification of national law and foreign-relate law,we should,on the one hand,set up the proper-law adaptation system for application of the non-effective treaty by function and power,and reinforce the supplementary application function of alternative commercial treaty;on the other hand,in combination with the latest identification and recognition of"the commercial custom"in the Judicial Interpretations of the Contracts Part of the Civil Code,accurately understand the connotation of"customary law"in Article 10 of the Civil Code,establish the position of"customary law"of non-effective commercial treaty in the legal authority system,and provide formal legal grounds with authority for the judicial organs to broaden the scope of application of non-effective treaty.
关键词
未生效商事条约/准据法/国际商事法庭/《民法典》第10条/交易习惯Key words
non-effective commercial treaty/proper law/the international commercial court/Article 10 of the Civil Code/commercial custom引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家社会科学基金重大项目(2022)(22ZDA129)
福建省社会科学基金重大项目(2022)(FJ2022MJDZ009)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据