Research on resistive flexible tactile sensors and their current applications in the field of medical and health care
The working principle of resistive flexible tactile sensors is mainly based on the piezoresistive effect.When the sensor is subjected to external pressure,the external pressure is converted into a resistance signal,thereby generating an electrical output signal.In recent years,the advancement of wearable smart systems has created an urgent demand for flexible pressure sensors.Among them,resistive flexible tactile sensors have experienced rapid development due to their simple principle,ease of processing,and high integration efficiency.Although biomimetic electronic skins based on resistive flexible tactile sensors have been widely applied in various fields such as human-computer interaction,wearable medical devices,and smart robots,to obtain sensors with a wide pressure monitoring range and high sensitivity remains a challenge for researchers.To address the aforementioned issues,in addition to selecting advanced functional materials and suitable substrate materials,optimizing sensor structure is also an important research direction.Rational structural design can not only significantly enhance the sensitivity and other performance parameters of the sensor but also flexibly adjust its sensitivity and response characteristics to meet specific application requirements.Currently,the structural design of resistive flexible tactile sensors can be divided into three dimensions:one-dimensional fiber/yarn-based sensor elements,two-dimensional planar structure sensor elements,and multi-dimensional three-dimensional structure sensor elements.Innovatively designing the sensor layers in different dimensions to change the contact resistance between conductive materials and the conduction paths in conductive elastic composites is currently an important research direction to improve the performance of resistive tactile sensors.The existing structural design of one-dimensional fiber/yarn-based sensor elements is mainly based on the core-shell structure achieved through coaxial spinning.Although it exhibits high linearity,the sensitivity and resolution of the sensor elements are easily limited by the fiber diameter and length,resulting in lower accuracy in measuring micro changes.Additionally,fibers are prone to fatigue and damage during use,which affects the durability and stability of the sensor.Two-dimensional planar structure sensor elements are primarily designed and constructed with fine microstructures or nanoscale geometries on a two-dimensional conductive layer.Commonly used microstructures include protrusions,micro-domes,micro/nano-rod structures,micro-pyramid structures,hollow sphere microstructures,wrinkled structures,interlocking structures,micro-column structures,and various biomimetic microstructures.These microstructures provide abundant contact points between the two electrodes of the sensor,thereby improving the performance of the sensor.Specifically,resistive pressure sensors designed with multi-dimensional three-dimensional structures benefit from their high porosity and good elasticity of the substrate.The"contact effect"between adjacent porous frameworks can generate significant changes in resistance,enabling the sensor to have high sensitivity within a wide linear range.Common strategies for fabricating multi-dimensional spatial structure sensor elements include the stacking of multi-layer microstructures,endowing three-dimensional(3D)porous substrate with sensing performance,and aggregation of conductive"skeleton"in a three-dimensional structure.The multi-layer microstructure construction of three-dimensional structures optimizes the sensor's linear sensing range,allowing it to maintain higher sensitivity over a wide pressure range compared to single-layer microstructures.Resistive flexible tactile sensors are highly sensitive to micro changes in stress and can detect subtle touch and pressure information.By integrating resistive flexible tactile sensors with minimally invasive surgical devices,they have been applied in clinical robotic-assisted minimally invasive surgery,enhancing the safety of surgical procedures.Combining resistive flexible tactile sensors with wearable medical devices not only enables the monitoring of physiological signals such as blood pressure,heart rate,and pulse but also assists doctors in building digital management platforms.They can also be utilized in home health monitoring devices and rehabilitation treatment equipment to provide long-term care support and personalized treatment plans for patients,which is of significant importance in the field of medical and health care.Resistive flexible tactile sensors have significant advantages in the field of flexible wearables due to their simple principle and low cost.In designing the sensor structure,constructing"microstructures"to increase the contact points/gaps between the two electrodes is an effective strategy for improving sensor sensitivity.In addition to focusing on structural design,innovation can also be driven by material selection.Furthermore,although resistive flexible sensors have made significant progress in various fields such as flexible electronics,medical monitoring and human-computer interaction,there is still a need to improve the durability and stability of materials,address aging issues in resistive elements,and enhance sensor protection measures.In designing and manufacturing sensors,considering cost-effectiveness and production difficulties,developing low-cost and mass-producible sensors will be a key focus for future development.
resistive flexible tactile sensorstructure designmedical and health careone-dimensional fiber/yarn-based sensor elementstwo-dimensional planar structure sensor elementsmulti-dimensional three-dimensional structure sensor elementshealth monitoring
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