为分析热防护材料领域研究现状和未来发展趋势,文章采用信息可视化、网络分析的研究方法,以 Web of Science(WOS)数据库及中国知网(CNKI)数据库中近 30 年(1993 年 1 月—2023 年 6 月)热防护材料相关的文献作为数据来源绘制可视化信息图谱,对发文量、发文国家/地区和机构、研究方向、核心作者、关键词等元素逐一进行分析,剖析热防护材料研究领域的发展动态、研究热点及前沿趋势.结果显示,美国、中国为主要研究国家,在该领域居重要地位;LI J(Li Jun)、SONG G W(Song Guowen)、SU Y(Su Yun)、LU Y H(Lu Yehu)、王云仪、朱方龙等作者为该领域的核心作者,在热应激、热防护服的研究中具有重要影响力;热防护服的热防护性与传热机制、人体的热生理与热舒适为活跃的研究主题与研究热点;相变材料、气凝胶、形状记忆织物、蜂窝夹芯织物、三维间隔织物为当前的研究热点材料,新型热防护材料的研发、服装内部结构的优化是未来研究中有效应对热应激的解决方法,是兼顾热防护服的热防护与热舒适平衡的重要途径.
Research progress on novel thermal protection materials
Thermal protective clothing is an effective barrier to protect the safety of workers in the fields of industry,fire protection,and emergency rescue.The development of high-performance thermal protective materials and clothing is of great significance.At present,the traditional fabric system used for thermal protective clothing is composed of a four-layer structure.Although the protective performance is satisfactory,the fabric is too thick and bulky,and the physiological heat load and heat stress of operators will be caused for a long time of wearing.Therefore,improving thermal comfort while ensuring thermal protective performance is a key research direction in this field.In recent years,the number of research on thermal protective materials has been increasing,but there is rarely a systematic summary of their research direction and progress from the bibliometric perspective.The information visualization analysis software CiteSpace was used to analyze the research hotspots of thermal protection materials,understand the research progress and dynamic frontiers of new thermal protective materials,explore the research status and future development trends of various new thermal protective materials,and lay the foundation for subsequent research.By using CiteSpace information visualization software to visualize the literature related to thermal protective materials in the WOS database and CNKI database from January 1993 to June 2023,the selected literature was analyzed one by one,including the publication volume,publication country/region and institution,research direction,core authors,keywords,and other elements.The current research status and research hotspots of thermal protection materials were analyzed.The publication volume of relevant literature shows an increasing trend in the two major databases,with strong interdisciplinary nature,and research in this area has received widespread attention.In addition,China and the United States are the main research countries in this field,with Chinese authors accounting for the majority of the core authors.They have significant contributions in heat stress,thermal protective performance,heat transfer mechanisms,human thermal physiology and thermal comfort.Based on the above data analysis,the mainstream materials and emerging materials in the field of thermal protection in recent years were obtained,including phase change materials,aerogels,shape memory fabrics,honeycomb sandwich fabrics,and three-dimensional spacer fabrics.The present situation and application of these fabrics were analyzed and studied.Specifically,phase change materials and aerogel materials are widely used in the current thermal protection field,but phase change materials have drawbacks such as leakage of liquid phase change materials,uncontrollable temperature regulation of phase change materials,regular need of replacement,evaporative cooling hindering,and inconvenient mobility due to heavy load.By contrast,aerogel materials have problems like poor mechanical properties.The defects of materials can be improved by combining phase change materials with other materials such as aerogels to achieve the best performance of thermal protection and thermal comfort.Honeycomb sandwich fabrics,shape memory materials,and 3D spacer fabrics are new types of thermal protective materials that have been applied in the field of thermal protective clothing in recent years.They are all designed based on the principle of low air thermal conductivity to achieve better thermal protection and thermal comfort.The key research directions for future thermal protective materials include innovating applications with new thermal protective materials,optimizing the combination of different materials and structures,reducing the impact of heat stress on the human body,and optimizing the comprehensive performance of thermal protection and thermal comfort.Heat stress,thermal protection,heat transfer mechanisms,and human thermal physiological thermal comfort are currently hot topics in the field of thermal protective clothing,and have important influence on the research of balancing thermal protection and thermal comfort.Based on the aforementioned hot research,developing new thermal protection materials is an important strategy for improving thermal protection and comfort.Existing studies have confirmed the feasibility of phase change materials,aerogels,honeycomb sandwich fabrics,shape memory materials and 3D spacer fabrics in improving thermal protection and thermal comfort.Various solutions have been proposed to deal with the defects of various materials one by one.Three new types of thermal protective materials have great application potential,and further studies are still needed in the future.Based on the analysis results of information visualization software CiteSpace,it is concluded that the thermal protection,heat transfer properties,and thermal comfort of thermal protective clothing are important aspects of designing thermal protective clothing.It sorts out the popular materials currently used in thermal protective clothing,summarizes their advantages,disadvantages and countermeasures,and provides reference for the design and research of thermal protective clothing.In future studies,numerical models will become the main method for evaluating the thermal protection and comfort of thermal protective clothing.Future research will tend to combine the use of various insulating materials to avoid defects in various materials.The design of thermal protective clothing will be towards light weight,efficient,and comfortable directions.
万方数据
维普
