Viewing various issues regarding the Weaving and Dyeing Bureau from the Han language memorandum archives of the Qing palace's Ministry of Internal Affairs
In the First Historical Archives of China,seven Chinese memorandum archives related to the Weaving and Dyeing Bureau can be retrieved,which can comprehensively reflect the relevant historical facts of the Weaving and Dyeing Bureau in the middle Qing Dynasty in terms of time span and content.This provides new first-hand materials for further sorting and studying the evolution history,staff composition and division of work,materials used,weaving categories,and application whereabouts of the Weaving and Dyeing Bureau in the middle Qing Dynasty.It helps to clarify and highlight the position and function of the Weaving and Dyeing Bureau as the only official weaving institution in Beijing.The article analyzed the various problems of the Weaving and Dyeing Bureau in the Middle Qing Dynasty by sorting out important matters such as the establishment of the bureau and the changes in personnel,finance,and materials under its jurisdiction during the Qianlong and Jiaqing periods.The conclusion is that the Weaving and Dyeing Bureau,as the only official weaving institution located in Beijing during the Qing Dynasty,mainly relied on the silk supply from the Three Weaving Bureaus in the Jiangnan region.The craftsmen,also closely related to the Jiangnan region,were mostly descendants of aristocratic families who were selected from Suzhou and Hangzhou to come to Beijing during the Shunzhi period,or directly selected from Jiangning,Suzhou,and Hangzhou to come to Beijing as supplementary forces for the Weaving and Dyeing Bureau.Due to geographical conditions and production scale limitations,the quality,production scale,and product category of silk weaving raw materials produced by the Weaving and Dyeing Bureau could not be compared with those of the Three Weaving Bureaus.However,as a weaving institution that operated on call,the Weaving and Dyeing Bureau was able to flexibly adapt to meeting the temporary demands of upper and inner use,thus holding a special position in the official weaving institutions in the Qing Dynasty.Moreover,after the Weaving and Dyeing Bureau moved to Wanshou Mountain in the 17th year of the Qianlong period,Plowing and Weaving Pictures were drawn.Not only did the bureau expand production categories and improve product quality through streamlining personnel and optimizing skills,but also it was closely integrated with the emperor's policy of advocating agriculture and sericulture,gradually becoming a place that combined practical production significance and policy demonstration.At the same time,it also satisfied the emperor's longing for idyllic life in Jiangnan,becoming an ideal institution to carry official production and weaving and the emperor's humanistic thoughts.The article is based on the Han language memorandum archives related to the Weaving and Dyeing Bureau of the First Historical Archives of China.It reveals and sorts out data on the composition and quantity of staff in the Weaving and Dyeing Bureau,the level of silver-and-rice(salary)and staff quantity in each level,the number of stored and used pigments,the number of woven objects,and the whereabouts of woven objects at a specific time.It analyzes in detail various issues related to the Weaving and Dyeing Bureau in the middle Qing Dynasty,providing a more realistic and objective perspective to clarify the special quality and mission of the Weaving and Dyeing Bureau as one of the official weaving institutions in the Qing Dynasty.
the Qing Dynasty palaceMinistry of Internal AffairsHan language memorandum archivesWeaving and Dyeing Bureauplowing and weaving scenery areaartisandyesproduction category
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