Progress of research on recycling and reuse of waste silk
Silk,as a highly valuable natural protein fiber,is deeply loved by consumers in the textile and clothing industry due to its advantages of elegant wearing,soft touch,and good breathability.In addition,its excellent biocompatibility,biodegradability,and mechanical strength make it have great potential in the biomedical field.In China,a large amount of waste silk,cocoons,and waste liquid are generated during the silk reeling process every year.Meanwhile,with people regularly updating their clothing,home textiles,and other lifestyle habits,a large amount of waste silk products are quickly generated.The recycling and reuse of waste silk products,cocoons,silk fibers,and sericin protein not only promote resource conservation and reduce pollution and carbon emissions,but also play a crucial role in the supply of textile industry raw materials and alleviating resource pressure.The article summarizes the recycling and reuse methods of waste silk and their main applications in order to purify the environment,reduce garbage emissions,save resources,and maximize the value of silk fibers.There are three common methods for recycling waste silk:physical,chemical,and biological methods.Physical recycling is a reuse technology that uses cutting and crushing methods to classify,recycle,and reprocess waste materials,in order to achieve effective recycling of resources.Chemical recycling method refers to the use of special environments or chemical reagents for recycling.It mainly uses a ternary solvent system,lithium bromide solution,formate solution,ionic liquid or other solvents to degumm,dissolve and extract useful substances from waste silk,such as silk fibroin or sericin protein.The biological recycling method mainly converts most waste textiles,including waste silk,into bioenergy through direct combustion or composting.The recycling method is simple and convenient,and can to some extent reduce the burden of landfill.However,burning waste silk will release a large amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.Therefore,combustion is not an ideal solution for the recycling and reuse of waste textiles.After recycling waste silk,it is first screened and cleaned preliminarily.Then,a certain amount of waste silk is weighed and boiled with deionized water in a bath ratio of 1︰20 using a 1%sodium carbonate solution for 30 minutes.After repeating three times,a bitter rouge solution is usually used to determine their degree of degumming,and the sericin produced during the degumming process is collected.Finally,the cleaned and degummed silk is dissolved using the ternary solvent system mentioned in the chemical recycling method.The obtained silk fibroin protein and silk fibroin protein solutions are collected separately and mainly used as electrode materials,functionalized silk fibroin materials,intelligent silk fibroin textiles,recycled composite materials,and filtration materials.The development of silk functional materials is an important research field.The sericin protein in silk has various forms of biological activity and pharmacological effects,including anti-oxidant,anti-constipation,and anti-tumor effects.When it is cross-linked,copolymerized,and blended with other polymer materials,especially artificial polymers,it can be modified into functional materials.Functional composite materials not only possess the characteristics of silk,but also combine functions such as bioactive factors and peptides.They play a more important role in skin wound healing,making it faster and providing a better wound healing environment for full-thickness burn and diabetes wound patients.At present,direct addition and genetic engineering technology are the main methods for endowing silk materials with multifunctionality.Among the recycling methods of waste silk,such as physical,chemical,and biological methods,each has its own advantages and disadvantages.Compared to other methods,chemical recycling has lower costs and is more suitable for large-scale applications,with comprehensive advantages.Chemical recycling methods can be used to recover waste silk fibers,and silk fibroin materials are extracted and reused,which can effectively reduce resource waste.Silk and its derivatives are widely used in smart textiles such as sensors,electronic skins,energy storage devices,spontaneous devices,microneedles,and radiation cooling.However,the functional application of silk materials often reduces some of their original properties,resulting in poor overall performance of the prepared smart wearable products.Therefore,in functionalizing silk materials,the performance of the original silk materials should be optimized and preserved.In the future,the recycling and utilization of waste silk should be developed towards high performance,low cost,and clean production.There are mainly six points to be further considered as follows:development of low-cost,and green silk fibroin extraction technology;focus on the recovery and utilization of silk fibroin protein in the degumming wastewater of the cocoon silk industry;preparation of functional silk fibroin fibers;development of intelligent silk fibroin textiles;preparation of multifunctional electrodes;development and application of waste silk in filtering materials to improve its recycling rate.
waste silkrecycle methodrecycle and reusefibroin materialchemical recycle method
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