The knotted carpet is a woolen fabric with a long history in China.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,dragon carpets were extensively used in spatial decoration,serving as significant material embodiments of various cultural contexts.This paper focuses on dragon-patterned knotted carpets from these periods.By collecting both domestic and international samples and employing a tripartite evidence method combining"objects","literature",and"images",the article analyzes 159 samples from a contextual perspective.The study categorizes dragon carpets based on their decorative use into three types:"palaces","temples"and"residences",and examines the forms and functions of these carpets in different settings.The research reveals that palace carpets can be divided into three types,used as hall carpets and throne carpets;temple carpets can be divided into four types,primarily used as decorative covers for Dharma-seats,walls,and columns;and residence carpets are all square in varying sizes,used as floor rugs,kang blankets,or seat cushions.Additionally,by employing textile methods,the article examines the structures of carpets provided by collectors to elucidate the distinctions and lineage connections in the craftsmanship of Ming and Qing dragon carpets.The carpets in the available samples are categorized into two types based on variances in"warp and weft"materials,"knot"materials,and density.Discrepancies in weaving techniques lead to variations in the structure;it was discovered that the craftsmanship of palace carpets originated in the Ming Dynasty and persisted in Qing Dynasty palace adornments,whereas the other two types signified Ningxia craftsmanship from the Qing Dynasty.Pattern analysis using design methods is central to this study.The paper deconstructs the decorative patterns of dragon carpets into"internal patterns"and"border patterns",discussing the themes,shapes,and layout characteristics of these components.Finally,based on the historical context of the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the variations in dragon carpet decorative art across different settings,the article delves into the cultural reasons behind these differences and proposes that dragon carpets symbolize"imperial politics","Buddhist thought"and"literati aesthetics".In palaces,the dragon symbolizes imperial authority.The patterns are intricately detailed,often featuring grand,expansive dragon designs.The color scheme typically uses a deep red background to accentuate the dragon motifs,representing the grandeur and supremacy of the imperial family.In temples,dragon patterns serve a religious purpose and are used to decorate Dharma-seats,columns,and walls.These carpets feature dynamic dragon motifs combined with various Buddhist symbols.The color schemes reflect Tibetan Buddhist art,enhancing the sacred and auspicious atmosphere.In residential settings,dragon carpets often feature simplified,abstract dragon designs.These carpets are typically small,practical,and easy to move,showcasing designs that mirror the refined taste and scholarly aesthetics of literati.
维普
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