Review of the development of seismic wide-angle reflection/refraction profiling
This paper reviews the century-old development of the seismic wide-angle reflection and refraction profiling,focusing on the emergence and evolution of the main technical links such as equipment,observation sys-tems,observation experiment,seismic phase identification and data analysis.We divide its development into four stages:germination,birth,growth,and perfection.For the early stages,the review highlights the individuals and events that played critical roles in the method's inception,with as much detail as possible;while the later stages fo-cus on the germination,emergence,improvement,application and key literature of the methods,covering aspects such as profile method,encounter and chase observation,and the completeness of seismic wide-angle reflection and refraction profile data,etc.The results are not the focus,so their description is brief.The paper also discusses ad-vancements in related fields such as natural seismology,seismic refraction exploration,seismic reflection explora-tion,electronic technology,communication technology,measurement technology,computer technology,computa-tional mathematics and others,all of which have promoted the development of seismic wide-angle reflection and re-fraction profiling.Looking forward to the future,the wide-angle reflection and refraction profile has great potential in the field of deep exploration and mineral resource exploration in China.This article is a tribute to the prede-cessors of geoscience who have dedicated themselves to the pursuit of scientific truth.