基本核心词词义的跨语言表现与特点——对61种语言数据的分析
Cross-linguistic properties and characteristics of the lexical meanings of basic kernel words:Data from 61 languages
许可 1冉启斌1
作者信息
摘要
本研究基于61种语言的基本核心词词义数据库,对60个基本核心词的词义进行全面比较.数据库共有11440个义项,基本核心词义项数量平均值为3.16,最多为21.对词义引申深度评分后,义项数量与引申能力排名基本一致.动词、名词、形容词的义项较多,引申能力较强,副词not、数词、代词相反.基本核心词词义网络图谱形成弱联通图,图上最短距离最多为8,众数为4.中心性分析指向趋向动词、人体部位和形容词.模块化将核心词分为10类,动词、名词、形容词形成较大的词团,词类内部基于名词是否指人、形容词情感性等特征又形成小类.一些词在类间起到桥梁作用,如hand连接动词和身体部位名词,die等词连接动词和形容词等.
Abstract
This study is based on a database of the meanings of basic kernel words in 61 languages,conducting a comprehensive comparison of the meanings of 60 basic kernel words.The database contains a total of 11,440 meaning items,with an average of 3.16 items per basic kernel word and a maximum of 21.When the depth of meaning extension is scored,the number of meaning items is found to align closely with the ranking of exten-sion capabilities.Verbs,nouns,and adjectives have a higher number of meaning items and stronger extension capabilities,while adverbs,numerals,and pronouns exhibit the oppo-site trend.The network digraph of basic kernel word meanings is weakly connected,with the maximum shortest distance being 8 and a mode of 4.Centrality analysis highlights tendencies towards verbs,body-part nouns,and adjectives.Modularization divides basic kernel words into 10 clusters,with verbs,nouns,and adjectives forming larger collec-tions.Within word classes,subcategories emerge based on characteristics such as the reference of a noun to a person or the emotional sentiment expressed by an adjective.Some words serve as bridges between clusters;for instance,"hand"connects verbs and body-part nouns,while words like"die"links verbs and adjectives.
关键词
词义类型/基本核心词/词义引申/数据库/跨语言Key words
lexical semantic type/basic kernel word/meaning extension/database/cross-linguistic引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据