This paper investigates the acquisition of noun phrases by analyzing the qualia relations between premodifiers and nouns based on qualia structure.The sample da-ta consist of 405 essays written by Chinese as a second language(L2)learners at three proficiency levels and 135 essays produced by Chinese native speakers.The results are as follows:(1)There were 8 types of single qualia roles in the premodifiers,with Constitu-tive,Unit and Evaluation in the majority;there were 72 types of multiple qualia roles,with two-role combinations in the majority;high-frequency combinations were Unit+E-valuation,Unit+Constitutive,Constitutive+Constitutive,etc.(2)The qualia relations between premodifiers and nouns showed a non-linear developmental pattern and L2 learn-ers did not approach native-like performance.These findings have important implications for further unveiling the laws of L2 noun acquisition,enriching the application of the Gen-erative Lexicon Theory,and improving Chinese L2 teaching practices.