焦点否定的句法表征和语义本质
Focus-sensitive negation in Chinese:Syntactic representations and semantic properties
张帆1
作者信息
- 1. 中国社会科学院语言研究所/中国社会科学院语言学重点实验室
- 折叠
摘要
本文关注以焦点为否定中心的"焦点否定",提出并论证了焦点否定是一种独立的否定类别.焦点否定句可分为两类:显性焦点否定句使用谓词性否定词(如"不是");隐性焦点否定句使用常规否定词"不""没",但"不""没"在句中的句法语义功能与否定谓词相同,与否定副词相异.通过对比汉、英、日三种语言,文章明确英语和日语中也存在显性、隐性两种焦点否定句,整体格局和汉语相似.三种语言的显性焦点否定句均使用否定谓词,隐性焦点否定句均使用语言中的标准否定形式.在此基础上,文章讨论了焦点否定和对举结构以及外部否定的关系,论证了外部否定是焦点否定的特例.
Abstract
This paper investigates focus-sensitive negation,a unique type of negation with specific syntactic and semantic properties.Focus-sensitive negation falls into two cat-egories:the explicit and the implicit.The explicit forms utilize negative linking verbs(e.g.,bu shi'be not'),while the implicit forms employ conventional negation words(e.g.,bu'not',mei'have not')which function similarly to negative linking verbs but differently from typical negative adverbs.Cross-linguistic analysis reveals similar patterns in Chinese,English,and Japanese,with the explicit forms using negative linking verbs and the implicit forms using standard negation forms in each language.Further,this paper explores the relationship between focus-sensitive negation and contrastive constructions/focus.Finally,it delves into the semantic properties of focus-sensitive negation and argues that external negation represents a special case of focus-sensitive negation.
关键词
否定谓词/对比焦点/更改式否定/外部否定/命题否定Key words
negative linking verb/contrastive focus/information-modifying negation/external negation/propositional negation引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家社科基金项目(21BYY034)
中国社会科学院语言学重点实验室(2024SYZH001)
中国社会科学院学科建设"登峰战略"资助计划(DF2023YS08)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据