摘要
人工智能是新一轮科技革命和产业变革的核心驱动力.负责任的人工智能研究如何以安全、可靠和合乎道德的方式研发和使用人工智能技术,对促进人工智能健康发展具有重要意义.本文对负责任人工智能的概念内涵进行界定,构建了"全过程—多主体—多层次—多机制"的治理体系分析框架.基于此框架,分析了全球主要国家推进负责任人工智能治理的政策体系,并聚焦于美国人工智能政策措施,分析和总结了美国发展负责任人工智能的重点举措和具体实践.研究表明,以美国为代表的发达国家高度重视负责任人工智能,政府、行业组织、企业和研发机构、社会公众等主体共同参与、分工协调、协同共治,综合运用政策法规、伦理准则、标准体系等多层次治理工具,建立并完善决策与咨询、统筹协调、信息流通和共享,以及监测监督等多方位治理机制,确保实现人工智能技术在全周期的安全、可靠、可控.最后,从加强负责任人工智能的战略和政策指引、健全基于创新全过程的监管体系、增强社会团体和公众的参与度、加强国际合作等方面,提出推进我国负责任人工智能治理体系建设的建议.
Abstract
Artificial Intelligence(AI)is the central driving force behind the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation.Responsible AI,which focuses on the safe,reliable,and ethical development and use of AI technologies,is of great significance in promoting the healthy development of AI.This paper defines the concept of responsible AI and constructs an analytical framework for the governance system,characterized by"whole-process—multi-entity—multi-level—multi-mechanism"dimensions.Based on this framework,it analyzes the policy systems of major countries around the world in advancing responsible AI governance,with a particular focus on the AI policy measures in the United States.It examines and summarizes the key initiatives and specific practices adopted by the US in developing responsible AI.The study shows that developed countries represented by the United States,place high importance on responsible AI,involving coordinated efforts from governments,industry organizations,enterprises,research institutions,the general public and individuals.These stakeholders collaborate in governance,utilizing a multi-layered set of tools,including policies,regulations,ethical guidelines,and standard systems.They aim to establish and improve comprehensive governance mechanisms for decision-making and consultation,overall coordination,information flow and sharing,and monitoring and supervision,ensuring the safety,reliability,and controllability of AI technologies throughout their lifecycle.Finally,the paper proposes recommendations for advancing the construction of a responsible AI governance system in China,including strengthening strategic and policy guidance,improving the regulatory system based on the entire innovation process,enhancing the participation of social groups and the public,and fostering international cooperation.
基金项目
中国科学院战略研究与决策支持系统建设专项(GHJ-ZLZX-2024-02)
中国烟草总公司重点研发项目(110202102050)
维普
万方数据