From Normal Forest to Close-to-nature Forest: Multi-functional Forestry and Its Practice at National, Regional and Forest Management Unit Levels in Germany
This paper introduces the history of forestry development, legal provisions regarding multi -functional forestry, and the theory and techniques of close - to - nature forest management for multi - purpose forestry in Germany. Case studies and experiences summary in terms of multi - purpose forest management at national, regional and forest management unit levels in Germany are presented. And the main points worth of learning are proposed in terms of multi - purpose forest management as well as the methods, indicators and criteria used in the management evaluation at different levels. It is concluded that the theory of close - to - nature forestry developed in Germany is the reflection of Chinese traditional cultural concepts presenting truth, goodness and beauty in forest management. Therefore, there is a good historical and cultural basis and practical demands to implement multi-functional forestry in China.
multi - functional forestryclose - to - nature forest managementevaluation indicators
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
维普
